RBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2026 Released – Check Latest Rajasthan Board 12th Bio Chapters & Marking

Detailed RBSE 12th Biology Syllabus 2026

RBSE 12th biology syllabus Units 1 to 5 are covered under the Class XI syllabus, while Units 6 to 10 are included in the Rajasthan Board 12th biology syllabus. The RBSE 12th bio syllabus is fully based on the NCERT textbook, which the board officially recommends. Moreover, the CBSE 12th biology syllabus and RBSE 12th Biology syllabi are almost similar, so students will not face issues accessing study materials or online resources. This RBSE 12th biology syllabus also aligns well with competitive medical exam preparation, such as NEET.

Unit 6 – Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower- A Fascinating organ of Angiosperms, Pre-fertilisation: structures and events, Stamens, Microsporangium and Pollen grain, The pistil, Megasporangium and Embryosac, Pollination, Double fertilisation, Post-fertilisation: structures and events- Endosperm, Embryo, Seed, Apomixis and Polyembryony.

Human Reproduction

The Male Reproductive System, The Female Reproductive System, Gametogenesis, Menstrual Cycle, Fertilisation and Implantation, Pregnancy and Embryonic Development, Parturition and Lactation.

Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health–Problems and Strategies, Population Stabilisation and Birth Control, Medical Termination of Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infertility

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

Principles of Inheritance & Variation

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of One Gene- Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation (Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance) Inheritance of Two Genes- Law of Independent Assortment, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination, Polygenic Inheritance, Pleiotropy, Sex Determination- Sex Determination in Honey Bee and Humans, Mutation, Genetic Disorders- Pedigree Analysis, Mendelian Disorders- (Colour Blindness, Haemophilia, Sickle-cell anaemia, Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia, Chromosomal Disorders).

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

The DNA -Structure of Polynucleotide chain, Packaging of DNA helix, The Search for Genetic MaterialThe Genetic material is DNA, Properties of Genetic material, RNA world, Replication - The Experimental proof, The Machinery and the Enzymes, Transcription - Transcription unit, Transcription unit and the Gene, Types of RNA and the process of transcription, Genetic Code- Mutation and Genetic code, tRNAThe adapter molecule, Translation, Regulation of Gene Expression- The Lac Operon, Human Genome Project- Salient features of Human genome, Applications and future challenges, DNA Fingerprinting.

Evolution

Origin of Life, Evolution of Life Forms – A theory, Evidences for Evolution, Adaptive Radiation, Biological Evolution, Mechanism of Evolution, Hardy–Weinberg Principle, A Brief Account of Evolution, Origin and Evolution of Man.

Unit 8 Biology in Human Welfare

Human Health & Disease

Common Diseases in Humans, Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Vaccination and Immunisation, Allergies, Auto Immunity, Immune System in the body, AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol abuse- Adolescence and Drug/Alcohol abuse, Addiction and dependence, effects of drug/alcohol abuse, Prevention and control.

Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in industrial products- Fermented beverages, Antibiotics, Chemicals, Enzymes and other bioactive molecules, Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Microbes in Production of Biogas, Microbes as Biocontrol Agents , Microbes as Biofertilisers.

Unit 9 – Biotechnology

Principles & Process of Biotechnology

Principles of Biotechnology, Tools of recombinant DNA Technology-Restriction Enzymes, Cloning vectors, Competent host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA), Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology-Isolation of the Genetic material (DNA), Cutting of DNA at specific locations, Amplification of Gene of interest using PCR, Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the Host Cell/Organism, Obtaining the foreign Gene product, Downstream processing.

Biotechnology & Its Applications

Biotechnological applications in Agriculture, Biotechnological applications in Medicine-Genetically engineered Insulin, Gene Therapy, Molecular diagnosis, Transgenic animals, Ethical issues.

Unit 10 – Ecology

Organisms & Populations

Populations - Population Attributes, Population Growth, Life History Variation, Population Interactions

Ecosystem Ecology

Ecosystem–Structure and Function, Productivity, Decomposition, Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids.

Biodiversity & Conservation

Biodiversity- Biodiversity on Earth and in India, Patterns of Biodiversity, The importance of species diversity to the Ecosystem, Loss of Biodiversity, Biodiversity Conservation.

Rajasthan Board 12th Syllabus: English & Hindi

RBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter Wise PDF

The RBSE 12th biology theory exam is worth 56 marks, with an additional 14 marks for sessional assessment. The highest weightage is given to the units on "Human Health and Disease" and "Molecular Basis of Inheritance," with questions from each unit being worth 6 marks. There is also a practical exam, which is worth 30 marks.

• Chapter 1 - Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Chapter 2 - Human Reproduction

• Chapter 3 - Reproductive Health

• Chapter 4 - Principles of Inheritance and Variation

• Chapter 5 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance

• Chapter 6 - Evolution

• Chapter 7 - Human Health and Disease

• Chapter 8 - Microbes in Human Welfare

• Chapter 9 - Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

• Chapter 10 -Biotechnology and its Applications

• Chapter 11 - Organisms and Populations

• Chapter 12 - Ecosystem

• Chapter 13 - Biodiversity and Conservation

RBSE 12th Biology Practical Part Syllabus

Prescribed Book for RBSE 12th Biology

The Rajasthan Board officially prescribes the NCERT Class 12 Biology textbook, aligning the state RBSE 12th biology syllabus exactly with the nationally recommended NCERT content. The NCERT books are known for clear and easy-to-understand language, making even complex biological concepts accessible to students.

These Class 12th Biology NCERT textbooks are considered essential resources for NEET and other medical/competitive examinations, as a large percentage of questions are drawn directly or indirectly from NCERT content.

Additionally, Unit X (Ecology) in NCERT Class 12 is important for UPSC Civil Services exam preparation, frequently covering questions on biodiversity, environmental policy, and conservation strategies, covering the UPSC environment and ecology syllabus.

Finally, the examples and explanations offered in NCERT textbooks aren’t purely academic; they link biological principles to real-world applications in health, agriculture, and environmental science, making the content valuable beyond classroom exams and strengthening practical understanding