NCERT Syllabus for Class 12, Download All Subjects Free PDF

NCERT English Books for Class 12th

3. Deep Water

4. The Rattrap

5. Indigo

6. Poets and Pancakes

7. The Interview

1. My Mother at Sixty Six

2. Keeping Quiet

3. A Thing of Beauty

4. A Roadside Stand

1. The Third Level

2. The Tiger King

3. Journey to the End of the Earth

4. The Enemy

5. On the Face of It

SHORT STORIES – INTRODUCTION

1. I Sell My Dreams

2. Eveline

3. Wedding in Brownsville

4. Tomorrow

POETRY – INTRODUCTION

1. A Lecture Upon the Shadow

2. Poems by Milton

3. Poems by black

4. Kubla Khan

5. Trees

6. The Wild Swans of Coole

7. Time and Time Again

NON-FICTION – INTRODUCTION

1. Freedom

2. The Mark on the Wall

3. Film making

4. Why the Novel Matters

5. The Argumentative Indian

DRAMA - INTRODUCTION

1. Chandalika

Unit

NCERT Chapter-wise Solution

Important Topics

Marks

I

Electrostatics

16

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Introduction, Electric Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Basic Properties of Electric Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Forces between Multiple Charges, Electric Field, Electric Field Lines, Electric Flux, Electric Dipole, Dipole in a Uniform External Field, Continuous Charge Distribution, Gauss’s Law, Applications of Gauss’s Law

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Introduction, Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to a Point Charge, Potential due to an Electric Dipole, Potential due to a System of Charges, Equipotential Surfaces, Potential Energy of a System of Charges, Potential Energy in an External Field, Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation, Capacitors and Capacitance, The Parallel Plate Capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance, Combination of Capacitors, Energy Stored in a Capacitor

II

Current Electricity

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Introduction, Electric Current, Electric Currents in Conductors, Ohm’s law, Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity, Limitations of Ohm’s Law, Resistivity of Various Materials, Temperature Dependence of Resistivity, Electrical Energy, Power, Cells, emf, Internal Resistance, Cells in Series and in Parallel, Kirchhoff’s Rules, Wheatstone Bridge

III

Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism

17

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Introduction, Magnetic Force, Motion in a Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law, Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop, Ampere’s Circuital Law, The Solenoid, Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere, Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole, The Moving Coil Galvanometer

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Introduction, The Bar Magnet, Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials

IV

Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Introduction, The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Magnetic Flux, Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional Electromotive Force, Inductance, AC Generator

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Introduction, AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors, AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor, Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit, Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor, Transformers

V

Electromagnetic Waves

18

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Introduction, Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum

VI

Optics

Chapter-9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Introduction, Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses, Refraction through a Prism, Optical Instruments

Chapter-10: Wave Optics

Introduction, Huygens Principle, Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves using Huygens Principle, Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves, Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment, Diffraction, Polarisation

VII

Dual Nature of Matter

12

Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Introduction, Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect, Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation, Particle Nature of Light: The Photon, Wave Nature of Matter

VIII

Atoms & Nuclei

Chapter-12: Atoms

Introduction, Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom, Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom, The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom, DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation

Chapter-13: Nuclei

Introduction, Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus, Size of the Nucleus, Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy

IX

Electronic Devices

7

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Introduction, Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductor, p-n Junction, Semiconductor Diode, Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier

Total

70

Unit Name

Chapter No.

Chapter Name

Topics

Unit I: Relations and Functions

1

Relations and Functions

Introduction, Types of Relations, Types of Functions, Composition of Functions and Invertible Functions

2

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Introduction, Basic Concepts, Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Unit II: Algebra

3

Matrices

Introduction, Matrix, Types of Matrices, Operations on Matrices, Transpose of a Matrix, Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices, Invertible Matrices

4

Determinants

Introduction, Determinant, Area of a Triangle, Minors and Cofactors, Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix, Applications of Determinants and Matrices

Unit III: Calculus

5

Continuity and Discontinuity

Introduction, Continuity, Differentiability, Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Logarithmic Differentiation, Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms, Second Order Derivative

6

Application of Derivatives

Introduction, Rate of Change of Quantities, Increasing and Decreasing Functions, Maxima and Minima

7

Integrals

Introduction, Integration as an Inverse Process of Differentiation, Methods of Integration, Integrals of Some Particular Functions, Integration by Partial Functions, Integration by Parts, Definite Integral, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution, Some Properties of Definite Integrals

8

Application of Integrals

Introduction, Area under Simpler Curves

9

Differential Equations

Introduction, Basic Concepts, General and Particular Solutions of a Differential Equation, Methods of Solving First-Order, First-Degree Differential Equations

Unit IV: Vectors and 3D Geometry

10

Vector Algebra

Introduction, Some Basic Concepts, Types of Vectors, Addition of Vectors, Multiplication of Vectors, Product of Two Vectors

11

Three-Dimensional Geometry

Introduction, Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of a Line, Equation of a Line in Space, Angle between Two Lines, Shortest Distance between Two Lines

Unit V: Linear Programming

12

Linear Programming

Introduction, Linear Programming Problem and Its Mathematical Formulation

Unit VI: Probability

13

Probability

Introduction, Conditional Probability, Multiplication Theorem on Probability, Independent Events, Bayes’ Theorem

Chapter Name

Important Topics

Solutions

1.1 Types of solutions

1.2 Expressing the concentration of solutions

1.3 Solubility

1.4 Vapour pressure of liquid solutions

1.5 Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions

1.6 Colligative properties and determination of molar mass

1.7 Abnormal molar mass

Electrochemistry

2.1 Electrochemical cells

2.2 Galvanic cells

2.3 Nernst equation

2.4 Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions

2.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis

2.6 Batteries

2.7 Fuel Cells

2.8 Corrosion

Chemical Kinetics

3.1 Rate of a chemical reaction

3.2 Factors Influencing the Rate of a Reaction

3.3 Integrated Rate Equations

3.4 Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction

3.5 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions

The d- and f-Block Elements

4.1 Position in the Periodic Table

4.2 Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements

4.3 General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block)

4.4 Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements

4.5 The Lanthanoids

4.6 The Actinoids

4.7 Some Applications of d- and f-Block Elements

Coordination Compounds

5.1 Werner’s theory of coordination compounds

5.2 Definitions of Some Important Terms On Coordination Compound

5.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

5.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds

5.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds

5.6 Bonding in Metal Metal Carbonyls

5.7 Importance and Applications of of Coordination Compounds

Haloalkanes And Haloarenes

6.1 Classification

6.2 Nomenclature

6.3 Nature of C-X Bond

6.4 Methods of preparation of haloalkanes

6.5 Preparation of Haloarenes

6.6 Physical Properties

6.7 Chemical Reactions

6.8 Polyhalogen Compounds

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

7.1 Classification

7.2 Nomenclature

7.3 Structures of Functional Groups

7.4 Alcohols and Phenols

7.5 Some Commercially Important Alcohols

7.6 Ethers

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid

8.1 Nomenclature, the structure of the carbonyl group

8.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones

8.3 Physical Properties

8.4 Chemical Reaction

8.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones

8.6 Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group

8.7 Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids

8.8 Physical Properties

8.9 Chemical Reactions

8.10 Uses of Carboxylic Acids

Amines

9.1 Structure of amines

9.2 Classification

9.3 Nomenclature

9.4 Preparation of Amines

9.5 Physical Properties

9.6 Chemical Reactions

9.7 Method of Preparation of Diazoniun Salts

9.8 Physical Properties

9.9 Chemical Reactions

9.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds

Biomolecules

10.1 Carbohydrates

10.2 Proteins

10.3 Enzymes

10.4 Vitamins

10.5 Nucleic Acids

10.6 Hormones

Practicals

Marks

Volumetric Analysis

8

Salt Analysis

8

Content-based Experiment

6

Project Work

4

Class record and viva

4

Total

30

• Flower structure

• Development of male & female gametophytes

• Pollination: Types & agents

• Outbreeding devices

• Double fertilization

• Embryo & endosperm development

• Human reproductive system

• Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis & oogenesis)

• Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

• Fertilization in Humans

• Embryo development up to the blastocyst stage

• Importance of reproductive health

• Prevention of STDs

• Contraception methods

• Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)

• Mendelian inheritance

• Chromosomal theory

• Linkage & crossing over

• Sex-linked inheritance (haemophilia, colour blindness)

• Multiple alleles

• Polygenic inheritance

• Structure of DNA & RNA

• DNA packaging & replication

• Transcription & translation

• Genetic code

• Gene regulation (lac operon)

• Discovery of DNA as genetic material

• Darwin’s theory

• Modern synthetic theory

• Origin of life

• Evidence of evolution (fossils, embryology, molecular evidence)

• Mechanisms of evolution

• Common diseases (malaria, dengue, typhoid, pneumonia, amoebiasis, filariasis, etc.)

• Pathogens & parasites

• Prevention & control

• Role of microbes in food processing

• Sewage treatment

• Industrial production

• Bio-control agents

• Bio-fertilizers

• Recombinant DNA technology

• Genetic engineering techniques

• DNA cloning

• Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

• Applications in health & agriculture

• Gene therapy

• Stem cell technology

• Production of human insulin & vaccines

• Population ecology

• Habitat & niche

• Adaptations

• Population interactions (mutualism, predation, competition, parasitism)

• Components of the ecosystem

• Productivity & decomposition

• Energy flow

• Ecological pyramids

• Nutrient cycles (carbon & phosphorus)

• Ecological succession

• Concepts & patterns of biodiversity

• Conservation methods

• Hotspots & endangered species

• Causes of biodiversity loss

Particulars

Marks

One Major Experiment

5

One Minor Experiment

4

Slide Preparation

5

Spotting

7

Practical Record/Project record + Viva Voce

4

Total

30