NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 (2026) – Download Subject-Wise Updated Syllabus PDF

NCERT Syllabus
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 (2026) – Download Subject-Wise Updated Syllabus PDF

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 (2026) – Download Subject-Wise Updated Syllabus PDF

Vishal kumarUpdated on 31 Dec 2025, 02:49 PM IST

To make students' preparation more effective and focused, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has published the updated NCERT syllabus for Class 12 for the academic year 2025–26. It includes a well-structured syllabus for Science, Arts, and Commerce streams so that students can understand the important concepts of each subject clearly. The NCERT syllabus for Class 12 can be downloaded in PDF format from the official website, CBSE Academic. With a planned routine, students can make their studies and preparation go in the right direction throughout the year.

This Story also Contains

NCERT Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 English
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Maths
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology
How to download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12?
How to Use the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Effectively?
Benefits of Knowing the NCERT Class 12 Syllabus

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12

The NCERT class 12th syllabus provides subject-wise topics, unit-wise weightage, theory, and practical section division wherever required. Along with NCERT Books and Solutions, it provides a complete framework for students to build a strong understanding of concepts and do great in academics. The syllabus is essential not just for board exams but also for competitive exams like NEET, JEE, CUET, and other entrance exams. It is widely used by boards of education like CBSE and is aligned with national standards of education.

NCERT Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download

According to the recent CBSE instructions and curriculum framework, the NCERT Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 has been revised, and the students will be tested in a systematic and concept-oriented manner. Each subject involves a list of chapters, learning outcomes and assessment patterns, which are provided in the syllabus. The NCERT Class 12 syllabus PDF is easily accessible by students; therefore, they can strategise their learning and increase their preparation for the board exams. This allows adhering to a systematic study strategy during the academic year.

Subjects	Links
NCERT Class 12 English syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Maths syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Physics syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Biology syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 History syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Psychology syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Accountancy syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Political Science syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Geography syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Sociology syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Economics syllabus	Click here
NCERT Class 12 Business Studies syllabus	Click here

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 English

The NCERT Class 12 English syllabus (2025-26) is structured to improve students' reading, writing, and literary abilities, developing them for board exams as well as competitive examinations. Divided into the topics of Reading Comprehension, Writing Skills, and Literature, the syllabus deals with Flamingo and Vistas, providing a combination of prose, poetry, and short stories. To perform well, students must practice reading comprehension, become proficient in writing formats, and study literature thoroughly.

NCERT English Books for Class 12th	Chapters
Flamingo - Prose	1. The Last Lesson
	2. Lost Spring
	3. Deep Water
	4. The Rattrap
	5. Indigo
	6. Poets and Pancakes
	7. The Interview
	8. Going Places
Flamingo - Poetry	1. My Mother at Sixty Six
	2. Keeping Quiet
	3. A Thing of Beauty
	4. A Roadside Stand
	5. Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
Vistas - Supplementary Reader	1. The Third Level
	2. The Tiger King
	3. Journey to the End of the Earth
	4. The Enemy
	5. On the Face of It
	6. Memories of Childhood
Kaleidoscope	SHORT STORIES – INTRODUCTION
	1. I Sell My Dreams
	2. Eveline
	3. Wedding in Brownsville
	4. Tomorrow
	5. One Centimetre
	POETRY – INTRODUCTION
	1. A Lecture Upon the Shadow
	2. Poems by Milton
	3. Poems by black
	4. Kubla Khan
	5. Trees
	6. The Wild Swans of Coole
	7. Time and Time Again
	8. Blood
	NON-FICTION – INTRODUCTION
	1. Freedom
	2. The Mark on the Wall
	3. Film making
	4. Why the Novel Matters
	5. The Argumentative Indian
	6. On Science Fiction
	DRAMA - INTRODUCTION
	1. Chandalika
	2. Broken Images

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics

The NCERT Physics Class 12 syllabus for 2025-26 is intended to build a strong foundation of concepts, which is essential for CBSE board exams, JEE, and NEET. The theory examination (70 marks) has important topics such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, Modern Physics, and Electronics, whereas the practical exam (30 marks) has experimental practice with circuits, optics, and semiconductors. Balanced by theory principles and actual application, concept clarity, numerals-based problem solving, and experiential learning must be prioritised for the students.

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 - Physics (Theory)

Unit	NCERT Chapter-wise Solution	Important Topics	Marks
I	Electrostatics		16
	Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields	Introduction, Electric Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Basic Properties of Electric Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Forces between Multiple Charges, Electric Field, Electric Field Lines, Electric Flux, Electric Dipole, Dipole in a Uniform External Field, Continuous Charge Distribution, Gauss’s Law, Applications of Gauss’s Law
	Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance	Introduction, Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to a Point Charge, Potential due to an Electric Dipole, Potential due to a System of Charges, Equipotential Surfaces, Potential Energy of a System of Charges, Potential Energy in an External Field, Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation, Capacitors and Capacitance, The Parallel Plate Capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance, Combination of Capacitors, Energy Stored in a Capacitor
II	Current Electricity
	Chapter 3: Current Electricity	Introduction, Electric Current, Electric Currents in Conductors, Ohm’s law, Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity, Limitations of Ohm’s Law, Resistivity of Various Materials, Temperature Dependence of Resistivity, Electrical Energy, Power, Cells, emf, Internal Resistance, Cells in Series and in Parallel, Kirchhoff’s Rules, Wheatstone Bridge
III	Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism		17
	Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism	Introduction, Magnetic Force, Motion in a Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law, Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop, Ampere’s Circuital Law, The Solenoid, Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere, Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole, The Moving Coil Galvanometer
	Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter	Introduction, The Bar Magnet, Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials
IV	Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current
	Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction	Introduction, The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Magnetic Flux, Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional Electromotive Force, Inductance, AC Generator
	Chapter 7: Alternating Current	Introduction, AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors, AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor, Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit, Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor, Transformers
V	Electromagnetic Waves		18
	Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves	Introduction, Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum
VI	Optics
	Chapter-9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments	Introduction, Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses, Refraction through a Prism, Optical Instruments
	Chapter-10: Wave Optics	Introduction, Huygens Principle, Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves using Huygens Principle, Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves, Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment, Diffraction, Polarisation
VII	Dual Nature of Matter		12
	Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter	Introduction, Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect, Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation, Particle Nature of Light: The Photon, Wave Nature of Matter
VIII	Atoms & Nuclei
	Chapter-12: Atoms	Introduction, Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom, Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom, The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom, DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
	Chapter-13: Nuclei	Introduction, Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus, Size of the Nucleus, Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy
IX	Electronic Devices		7
	Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits	Introduction, Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductor, p-n Junction, Semiconductor Diode, Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier	7
Total			70

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 - Physics (Practicals)

The practical section consists of 30 marks and the period of time totals to 3 hours. It includes two experiments (7+7 marks), a practical report, an activity, an investigatory project, and a viva. This applied test makes sure that students learn how to be competent in the aspects of experimentation, data recording, and conceptual knowledge.

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Maths

The mathematics syllabus of 12th NCERT is segregated into theory and internal assessment. The question paper of NCERT is 80 marks, wherein the internal assessment will be of 20 marks. The questions asked in the examination will be very short, short, and long answer types. Check the NCERT syllabus for class 12 for mathematics from the table below.

Unit Name	Chapter No.	Chapter Name	Topics
Unit I: Relations and Functions	1	Relations and Functions	Introduction, Types of Relations, Types of Functions, Composition of Functions and Invertible Functions
Unit I: Relations and Functions	2	Inverse Trigonometric Functions	Introduction, Basic Concepts, Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Unit II: Algebra	3	Matrices	Introduction, Matrix, Types of Matrices, Operations on Matrices, Transpose of a Matrix, Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices, Invertible Matrices
Unit II: Algebra	4	Determinants	Introduction, Determinant, Area of a Triangle, Minors and Cofactors, Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix, Applications of Determinants and Matrices
Unit III: Calculus	5	Continuity and Discontinuity	Introduction, Continuity, Differentiability, Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Logarithmic Differentiation, Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms, Second Order Derivative
	6	Application of Derivatives	Introduction, Rate of Change of Quantities, Increasing and Decreasing Functions, Maxima and Minima
	7	Integrals	Introduction, Integration as an Inverse Process of Differentiation, Methods of Integration, Integrals of Some Particular Functions, Integration by Partial Functions, Integration by Parts, Definite Integral, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution, Some Properties of Definite Integrals
	8	Application of Integrals	Introduction, Area under Simpler Curves
	9	Differential Equations	Introduction, Basic Concepts, General and Particular Solutions of a Differential Equation, Methods of Solving First-Order, First-Degree Differential Equations
Unit IV: Vectors and 3D Geometry	10	Vector Algebra	Introduction, Some Basic Concepts, Types of Vectors, Addition of Vectors, Multiplication of Vectors, Product of Two Vectors
Unit IV: Vectors and 3D Geometry	11	Three-Dimensional Geometry	Introduction, Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of a Line, Equation of a Line in Space, Angle between Two Lines, Shortest Distance between Two Lines
Unit V: Linear Programming	12	Linear Programming	Introduction, Linear Programming Problem and Its Mathematical Formulation
Unit VI: Probability	13	Probability	Introduction, Conditional Probability, Multiplication Theorem on Probability, Independent Events, Bayes’ Theorem

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry

The NCERT Class 12 Chemistry syllabus (2025-26) offers an overview of physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry, which is necessary for CBSE board exams, JEE, NEET, and other competitive exams. The theory paper (70 marks) includes major topics such as Solid State, Solutions, Electrochemistry, Chemical Kinetics, Coordination Compounds, Organic Reactions, and Biomolecules, whereas the practical exam (30 marks) encompasses titrations, analysis of salts, and organic compounds. Focused on conceptual clarity, reaction mechanisms, and numerical problems, students ought to practice repeatedly for good basics and success in examinations. The evaluation scheme for the chemistry practical examination is given in the second table.

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 - Chemistry

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	Important Topics
1	Solutions	1.1 Types of solutions 1.2 Expressing the concentration of solutions 1.3 Solubility 1.4 Vapour pressure of liquid solutions 1.5 Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions 1.6 Colligative properties and determination of molar mass 1.7 Abnormal molar mass
2	Electrochemistry	2.1 Electrochemical cells 2.2 Galvanic cells 2.3 Nernst equation 2.4 Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions 2.5 Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis 2.6 Batteries 2.7 Fuel Cells 2.8 Corrosion
3	Chemical Kinetics	3.1 Rate of a chemical reaction 3.2 Factors Influencing the Rate of a Reaction 3.3 Integrated Rate Equations 3.4 Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction 3.5 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
4	The d- and f-Block Elements	4.1 Position in the Periodic Table 4.2 Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements 4.3 General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block) 4.4 Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements 4.5 The Lanthanoids 4.6 The Actinoids 4.7 Some Applications of d- and f-Block Elements
5	Coordination Compounds	5.1 Werner’s theory of coordination compounds 5.2 Definitions of Some Important Terms On Coordination Compound 5.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds 5.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds 5.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds 5.6 Bonding in Metal Metal Carbonyls 5.7 Importance and Applications of of Coordination Compounds
6	Haloalkanes And Haloarenes	6.1 Classification 6.2 Nomenclature 6.3 Nature of C-X Bond 6.4 Methods of preparation of haloalkanes 6.5 Preparation of Haloarenes 6.6 Physical Properties 6.7 Chemical Reactions 6.8 Polyhalogen Compounds
7	Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers	7.1 Classification 7.2 Nomenclature 7.3 Structures of Functional Groups 7.4 Alcohols and Phenols 7.5 Some Commercially Important Alcohols 7.6 Ethers
8	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid	8.1 Nomenclature, the structure of the carbonyl group 8.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones 8.3 Physical Properties 8.4 Chemical Reaction 8.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones 8.6 Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group 8.7 Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 8.8 Physical Properties 8.9 Chemical Reactions 8.10 Uses of Carboxylic Acids
9	Amines	9.1 Structure of amines 9.2 Classification 9.3 Nomenclature 9.4 Preparation of Amines 9.5 Physical Properties 9.6 Chemical Reactions 9.7 Method of Preparation of Diazoniun Salts 9.8 Physical Properties 9.9 Chemical Reactions 9.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds
10	Biomolecules	10.1 Carbohydrates 10.2 Proteins 10.3 Enzymes 10.4 Vitamins 10.5 Nucleic Acids 10.6 Hormones

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 - Chemistry Practical

Practicals	Marks
Volumetric Analysis	8
Salt Analysis	8
Content-based Experiment	6
Project Work	4
Class record and viva	4
Total	30

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology

NCERT Class 12 Biology syllabus is framed for enhancing the conceptual base of human physiology, genetics, biotechnology, and ecology to make it a must for CBSE board exams, NEET, and other medical entrance examinations. Theory paper (70 marks) includes important chapters such as Reproduction, Evolution, Human Health & Disease, Biotechnology, and Environmental Issues, whereas the practical exam (30 marks) consists of microscopy, slide preparation, plant and animal specimen work, and investigatory projects. Emphasising diagrams, scientific vocabulary, and application-oriented learning, students must revise regularly for improved retention and high marks.

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 - Biology (Theory)

Chapter	Chapter Name	Topic Name
Chapter 1	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	Flower structure Development of male & female gametophytes Pollination: Types & agents Outbreeding devices Double fertilization Embryo & endosperm development
Chapter 2	Human Reproduction	Human reproductive system Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis & oogenesis) Phases of the Menstrual Cycle Fertilization in Humans Embryo development up to the blastocyst stage
Chapter 3	Reproductive Health	Importance of reproductive health Prevention of STDs Contraception methods Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)
Chapter 4	Principles of Inheritance and Variation	Mendelian inheritance Chromosomal theory Linkage & crossing over Sex-linked inheritance (haemophilia, colour blindness) Multiple alleles Polygenic inheritance
Chapter 5	Molecular Basis of Inheritance	Structure of DNA & RNA DNA packaging & replication Transcription & translation Genetic code Gene regulation (lac operon) Discovery of DNA as genetic material
Chapter 6	Evolution	Darwin’s theory Modern synthetic theory Origin of life Evidence of evolution (fossils, embryology, molecular evidence) Mechanisms of evolution
Chapter 7	Human Health and Disease	Common diseases (malaria, dengue, typhoid, pneumonia, amoebiasis, filariasis, etc.) Pathogens & parasites Prevention & control
Chapter 8	Microbes in Human Welfare	Role of microbes in food processing Sewage treatment Industrial production Bio-control agents Bio-fertilizers
Chapter 9	Biotechnology: Principles and Processes	Recombinant DNA technology Genetic engineering techniques DNA cloning
Chapter 10	Biotechnology and its Applications	Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) Applications in health & agriculture Gene therapy Stem cell technology Production of human insulin & vaccines
Chapter 11	Organisms and Population	Population ecology Habitat & niche Adaptations Population interactions (mutualism, predation, competition, parasitism)
Chapter 12	Ecosystem	Components of the ecosystem Productivity & decomposition Energy flow Ecological pyramids Nutrient cycles (carbon & phosphorus) Ecological succession
Chapter 13	Biodiversity and Conservation	Concepts & patterns of biodiversity Conservation methods Hotspots & endangered species Causes of biodiversity loss

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 - Biology (Practicals)

Particulars	Marks
One Major Experiment	5
One Minor Experiment	4
Slide Preparation	5
Spotting	7
Practical Record/Project record + Viva Voce	4
Investigatory Project and its Project Record + Viva Voce	5
Total	30

How to download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12?

The candidates can download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 using the following steps given below.

Step 1: Click on the link https://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum_2026.html.

Step 2: A page will open on the screen. Click on "Senior Secondary Curriculum Class (XI-XII).

Step 3: Then click on 'Languages- (Group - L)/ Academic Disciplines (Group- A)' and click on the required subject.

Step 4: The NCERT Class 12 Syllabus will be displayed on the screen.

How to Use the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Effectively?

CBSE Class 12 syllabus is an effective instrument that enables students to plan their preparation for board exams in an intelligent, systematic manner. It is a clear demonstration of the chapters, weightage, question pattern, and competence needed in each subject. When the syllabus is properly used, students will be able to study productively, they will not waste time on irrelevant topics, and they will improve their overall grades. With a properly organised strategy depending on the syllabus, there will be clarity, confidence and improved outcomes in the board exams.

Read the whole syllabus to get the clue of all chapters, topics, and subtopics. This will give you a clear idea of what will be required in the exam, and there will be no need to study irrelevant material. It is also important to go through the syllabus closely and identify high-weightage units early.
Break down all the subjects and topics to study to avoid being bored. Shorter learning blocks enhance retention and ensure steady progress. It also assists you in the process of having a realistic daily or weekly study schedule.
Basing your study on the syllabus, assign each unit a specific number of days or weeks. This guarantees that you will address all the subjects in an orderly fashion and will not be under last-minute stress. A timetable based on syllabuses makes revision more organised and predictable as well.
Spend more time on those chapters that have greater marks as per the official weightage distribution. This will make you more efficient as you prepare smartly and get maximum marks. The weightage analysis is also useful in the process of planning the revision cycles.
To keep yourself motivated and organised, tick off the topics that you have completed. This assists you in pictorially perceiving your readiness and discovering areas that require additional preparation. Exam anxiety is also reduced with a progress-tracking habit.
Check every subject in your NCERT textbook to be sure that you are studying what is needed. This will eliminate time wasted on getting irrelevant or old information. It also enhances the conceptual accuracy that is given attention by CBSE.
Attempt past papers and sample papers through comparison with the existing syllabus. This will assist you in knowing the question pattern, the difficulty level and the critical areas. It is also possible to examine the areas that are regularly included in examinations.
The syllabus should be used as a checklist in the revision to be sure that no topic is omitted. Organise your revision unit-by-unit to cover all. The revision with a syllabus is useful in long-term memorisation and increased accuracy in exams.
There are a lot of students who study excessive material and hence become confused. The syllabus provides clear lines and helps you in studying what is important. This spares time and puts your preparation time on scoring areas.

Benefits of Knowing the NCERT Class 12 Syllabus

The NCERT Class 12 syllabus is important to students who plan to prepare well for board exams and competition exams such as JEE, NEET, CUET, and others. The syllabus gives a clear formula of all chapters, topics and weightage, and this will assist students to plan their studies strategically. The structured roadmap will allow students to spend time more efficiently, work on the essential concepts and improve the results during the examinations. It also makes the students follow the updated academic trend of CBSE in the year 2025-26.

Students understand what topics they need to study in Class 12.
It helps them plan their studies properly and stay organised.
They can manage time better and finish the syllabus before exams.
The board exam paper is made from the syllabus, so it's important to follow it.
It helps students keep a check on what they’ve completed and what’s left.

NCERT Books for class 12 all Subjects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: How many chapters are there in Class 12 Maths as per NCERT?

There are 13 chapters in Class 12 Maths as per the latest NCERT textbook, grouped under six units:

Relations and Functions
Algebra
Calculus
Vectors and 3D Geometry
Linear Programming
Probability

Q: Is the Class 12 English syllabus the same for all streams?

Yes, the English syllabus is common across all streams. Students choose between:

English Core (Code 301) – most common
English Elective (Code 001) – more in-depth and literature-focused

Q: Is the NCERT Class 12 syllabus the same for all CBSE schools?

Yes, the NCERT syllabus is followed by all CBSE-affiliated schools, and it forms the official basis for the CBSE Class 12 board exams.

Q: Does the NCERT syllabus cover the entire CBSE board exam portion?

Yes, CBSE board exams are based entirely on the NCERT syllabus. The questions are usually either directly from or inspired by NCERT content.

Q: Are NCERT textbooks enough for Class 12 board exam preparation?

Yes, NCERT books are more than enough for board exams. However, students aiming for competitive exams like JEE or NEET may need reference books for deeper understanding and practice.

Q: Where can I download the latest NCERT syllabus for Class 12?

You can download the official and updated syllabus from:

NCERT official website
careers360 platform

Q: What subjects are included in the NCERT syllabus for Class 12?

The NCERT Class 12 syllabus includes core subjects and stream-specific subjects, such as:

Science: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Computer Science
Commerce: Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, Mathematics
Arts/Humanities: History, Geography, Political Science, Sociology, Psychology
Languages: English Core, English Elective, Hindi Core, Hindi Elective, and other regional/foreign languages

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