AHSEC Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2025

Unit name

Important topics

Marks

Solid State

unit cell in two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices, calculation of the density of unit cell, packing in solids, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, etc.

4

Solutions

• Relative lowering of vapor pressure
• The elevation of boiling point
• Depression of freezing point
• Osmotic pressure

5

Electrochemistry

• Kohlrausch’s Law
• Electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea)
• Dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, etc.

5

Chemical kinetics

catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life, etc.

5

Surface chemistry

homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis; colloidal state: the distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions, etc.

4

General principles and processes of Isolation of Elements

Principles and methods of extraction: concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron, etc.

3

Coordination Compounds

coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, etc.

3

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, etc.

4

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenols, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols, etc.

4

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids

Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, etc.

6

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, etc.

4

Biomolecules

Elementary idea of a-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, etc.

4

Polymers

Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization, etc.

3

Chemistry in Everyday life

• Chemicals in medicines– analgesics
• Tranquilizers
• Antiseptics
• Disinfectants
• Antimicrobials
• Antifertility drugs
• Antibiotics
• Antacids
• Antihistamines

3

p-Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, etc.

8

d- and f-Block Elements

interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation

Unit name

Important Topics

Marks

Relations and Functions

• Types of relations
• Types of Functions
• Inverse Trigonometric functions

10

Algebra

Matrices Concept of a matrix and its notation and order, etc.

13

Probability

Multiplication theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes theorem, etc.

10

Calculus

Continuity and Differentiability, Application of Derivatives, Integrals, etc.

44

Vectors Algebra and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector, Cartesian and vector equation of a plane, etc, etc.

17

Linear Programming

Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming, etc.

06