NBSE HSSLC Exam 2025 - Routine, Syllabus, Question Papers, Result

Alternative english: Unit 01

• Letter to my daughter-Jawaharlal Nehru
• Of followers and friends-Francis Bacon
• The last lesson-Alphonse Daudet

Alternative english: Unit 02

• All the world's a stage-William Shakespeare
• Death be not proud-John Donne
• Indian weavers-Sarojini Naidu

Alternative english: Unit 03

• The boy comes home-A. A. Milne

Alternative english: Unit 04

• Great expectations-Charles Dickens

Alternative english: Unit 05

• Prepositions
• Conjunctions

Alternative english: Unit 06

• Reading an unseen passage or a poem

Alternative english: Unit 07

• Essay writing

AO: Unit 01

• Unseen passage

AO: Unit 02

• Essay (objective)/ dialogue
• Copy-editing/ invitation

AO: Unit 03

• Grammar and translation

AO: Unit 04

• Prose
• Poetry
• Fiction

Sümi: Unit 01

• Unseen passage

Sümi: Unit 02

• Essay (objective)/ dialogue
• Copy-editing/ invitation

Sümi: Unit 03

• Grammar and translation

Sümi: Unit 04

• Prose
• Poetry
• Fiction

Lotha: Unit 01

• Unseen passage

Lotha: Unit 02

• Essay (objective)/ dialogue
• Copy-editing/ invitation

Lotha: Unit 03

• Grammar and translation

Lotha: Unit 04

• Prose
• Poetry
• Fiction

Tenyidie: Unit 01

• Unseen passage

Tenyidie: Unit 02

• Essay (objective)/ dialogue
• Copy-editing/ invitation

Tenyidie: Unit 03

• Grammar and translation

Tenyidie: Unit 04

• Prose
• Poetry
• Fiction

Bengali: Unit 01

• Unseen passage

Bengali: Unit 02

• Essay (objective)/ dialogue
• Copy-editing/ invitation

Bengali: Unit 03

• Grammar and translation

Bengali: Unit 04

• Prose
• Poetry
• Fiction

Hindi: Unit 01

• Unseen passage

Hindi: Unit 02

• Essay (objective)/ dialogue
• Copy-editing/ invitation

Hindi: Unit 03

• Grammar and translation

Hindi: Unit 04

• Prose
• Poetry
• Fiction

Political science: Unit 01

• Legacy of partition: Challenges to refugee resettlement, Kashmir problem
• Organization and re-organization of states
• Political conflicts over language

Political science: Unit 02

• Evolution and features of party system in India
• Meaning and role/ functions of political party
• Role of opposition party

Political science: Unit 03

• Congress dominance in the first three general elections
• Nature of Congress dominance

Political science: Unit 04

• Land reforms and green revolution

Political science: Unit 05

• Emergency-causes and consequences
• Politics after emergency

Political science: Unit 06

• Meaning and role of pressure groups
• Mandal commission and its implementation

Political science: Unit 07

• Participatory upsurge in 1990s
• Meaning and features of coalition politics
• Coalition politics from 1990 till date
• Increasing role of regional party in coalition politics

Political science: Unit 08

• Principles of Nehru's foreign policy
• India's approach towards disarmament

Political science: Unit 09

• Meaning and causes of origin
• Challenges to bipolarity: Non-aligned movement and new international economic order

Political science: Unit 10

• Causes for disintegration of USSR
• Post Cold War: Emergence of new states
• Shock therapy and relevance of non-aligned movement

Political science: Unit 11

• Growth of unilateralism: First Gulf War, response to 9/11 and global war on terrorism, invasion of Iraq
• Dominance and challenge to the US in economy and ideology
• Indo-US relation (1990 onwards)

Political science: Unit 12

• Rise of china as an economic power in post-mao era
• Creation and expansion of european union
• ASEAN

Political science: Unit 13

• What is South Asia?
• SAARC and SAFTA: Role and limitation

Political science: Unit 14

• Evolution, structure, and objective relevance of UNO
• Role of new international economic organisations and NGOs
• Democratic and accountability as the new institution of global governance

Political science: Unit 15

• Traditional and non traditional notions of security
• New sources of threats and cooperative security

Political science: Unit 16

• Meaning, causes, and circumstances leading to globalisation
• Political, economic, and cultural consequences

History: Unit 01

• The story of the first cities: Harappan archaeology
• Political and economic history: How inscriptions tell a story
• Social histories: Using the Mahabharata
• A history of Buddhism: Sanchi Stupa

History: Unit 02

• The Mughal court: Reconstructing histories through chronicles
• New architecture: Hampi
• Religious histories: The Bhakti-Sufi tradition

History: Unit 03

• Representations of 1857
• Mahatma Gandhi through contemporary eyes
• The making of the Constitution

History: Unit 04

Psychology: Unit 01

• Meaning of Intelligence: Theories of intelligence-Triarchic theory, Monarchic theory, Anarchic theory, Spearman's two-factor theory, group factor theory; concept of IQ: Uses of intelligence test, types of intelligence test

Psychology: Unit 02

• Nature of memory, information processing approach, level of processing
• Memory systems-sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory, knowledge representation and organisation in memory, memory as a constructive process
• Nature and causes of forgetting: Forgetting-causes, encoding failure, storage failure, retrieval failure, amnesia

Psychology: Unit 03

• Concept of self: Self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-regulation
• Concept of personality: Major approaches-type approaches, trait approaches, and psycho-dynamic approaches
• Assessment of personality-self report measures and projective measures

Psychology: Unit 04

• Nervous system, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, endocrine system

Psychology: Unit 05

• Meaning of adjustment, nature and sources of stress, coping with stress, factors facilitating positive health and well being

Psychology: Unit 06

• Meaning of abnormal behaviour, classification of disorders, factors causing abnormal behaviour, types of disorders-anxiety disorders, mood disorders, Schizophrenic disorders, substances relating disorders, behavioural disorders, personality disorders

Psychology: Unit 07

• Introduction, nature of groups, formation of groups, types of groups, factors influencing group formation, influence of group on individual behaviour
• Conformity, compliance and obedience, cooperation and competition, leadership-types of leadership, qualities of leadership

Psychology: Unit 08

• What is statistics?, measure of central tendency, graphical representation of data-bar, histogram, and polygon

Philosophy: Unit 01

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Rationalism and empiricism

Philosophy: Unit 03

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Meaning and definition of ethics
• Ethical issues: Abortion, suicide

Philosophy: Unit 05

• Nature and scope of social philosophy and its relation to social psychology and sociology
• Value or uses of social philosophy

Philosophy: Unit 06

• Definition of Indian philosophy
• Orthodox and heterodox schools

Philosophy: Unit 07

• Four noble-truths, eight-fold path, Nirvana

Philosophy: Unit 08

• Anekantavada and Syadvada

Philosophy: Unit 09

• Vaisesika theory of padartha
• Samkhya theory of Prakriti and Purusa
• Yoga theory of eight-fold practice

Philosophy: Unit 10

• Theory of pramana

Philosophy: Unit 11

• Meaning and Definition
• Proofs for the existence of God; ontological, teleological, cosmological arguments

Sociology: Unit 01

• Diversity in India and factors of unity-geographic, religious, cultural, political, linguistic and racial
• Problems of communalism, regionalism, casteism

Sociology: Unit 02

• Marriage, family, and kinship in India-(a) ways of acquiring mates among the tribal communities, (b) marriage among: Hindus, Muslims, Christians, (c) joint family: Meaning and changes, (d) kinship

Sociology: Unit 03

• People: Tribes and festivals
• Economy: Shifting and terrace cultivation
• Religion: Traditional religion and Christianity
• Education: Traditional institution, advent of modern education
• Politics: Statehood and special provisions in the constitution of India

Sociology: Unit 04

• Structural processes-social consequences of industrialization, urbanization, modernization
• Cultural processes-sanskritisation, westernization, secularization

Sociology: Unit 05

• Land reforms: Meaning, objectives of land reforms in India
• Green revolution: Meaning, consequences
• Globalization and liberalization: Meaning and implication
• Panchayati Raj: Meaning, aims, and structure

Sociology: Unit 06

• G.S Ghurye on caste
• Yogendra Singh: Tradition and modernity
• Radhakamal Mukerjee on values

Geography: Unit 01

• Nature, scope

Geography: Unit 02

• Population of the world-growth, distribution, and density; components of population
• Urban-rural composition; age-sex ratio, determinants of population change
• Human development-concept, selected indicators, international comparisons

Geography: Unit 03

• Primary activities-concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities
• Tertiary activities-concept; health, business, transport and communication; people engaged in tertiary activities
• Quaternary activities-concept; knowledge based activities

Geography: Unit 04

• Oil and gas pipelines
• Cyber space; including computer networking: Importance and usage for geographical information
• International trade-its basis and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade; role of WTO in international trade

Geography: Unit 05

Geography: Unit 06

• Population: Distribution and density; population change through time with regional variations
• The people of India-ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition
• Demographic patterns in terms of rural-urban, age, sex
• Human development-regional patterns

Geography: Unit 07

• Rural settlements-types and distribution (forms, structure, and function)
• Urban settlements-distribution, census; distribution of large cities

Geography: Unit 08

• Water resources-availability and utilization; scarcity of water and conservation methods-water harvesting and watershed management
• Mineral and energy resources, distribution, major metallic (iron ore, copper, bauxite, manganese); non-metallic (mica, salt) minerals; conventional (coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydroelectricity) non-conventional energy source (solar, wind, biogas)
• Impact of liberalization, privatisation and globalisation on industries and its location

Geography: Unit 09

• Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways, and airways, oil and gas pipelines; national electric grids; communication networking-radio, television, satellite, and computer

Geography: Unit 10

• Environmental degradation
• Hunger and poverty
• Urbanisation, urbanisation-growth of cities; rural-urban migration; problems of slums; urban waste disposal management

Geography: Unit 11

Education: Unit 01

• Meaning
• Definitions
• Psychology-a developing positive science
• Branches of psychology
• Utility of psychology in education
• Relationship between psychology and education
• Differences between psychology and education

Education: Unit 02

• Meaning of growth, development, and maturation
• Characteristics and principles of growth and development
• Differences between growth and development

Education: Unit 03

• Introduction
• Classification of stages-infancy, childhood, adolescence, physical, emotional, intellectual, and social development in each stage
• Educational significance of each stage

Education: Unit 04

• Introduction
• Meaning and definitions
• Classification of heredity-biological, mental, social
• Transmission of acquired traits
• Laws of heredity-like begets like, law of variation, law of regression
• Environment
• Classification of environment-physical, mental, social, culture
• Controversy between heredity and environment
• Synthesis between heredity and environment
• Educational significance

Education: Unit 05

• Attention-meaning and definition, nature of attention, conditions of attention, types of attention
• Interest-meaning and definition, characteristics of interest
• Relationship between attention and interest

Education: Unit 06

• Meaning and Definition
• Nature of learning
• Theories of learning
• Laws of learning
• Methods of learning
• Educational significance

Education: Unit 07

• Introduction
• Nature of habits
• Advantages of habits formation
• Bad habits
• Breaking of bad habits

Education: Unit 08

• Meaning and definitions
• Characteristics
• Theories of intelligence-Monarchic theory, Anarchic theory, two factor theory
• Measurements of intelligence
• Classifications of intelligence tests
• Concept of I.Q.

Education: Unit 09

• Meaning and definitions
• Nature and characteristics
• Types of personality-extrovert, introvert, ambiverts
• Methods of personality assessment: Non-projective test, observation, situations, questionnaire, case study, interview, rating scale

Music: Unit 01

• Tenor Clef
• Note values and rests
• New time signatures
• Writing your own tunes to a given rhythm, setting words to a rhythm, writing a bass line, writing a tune
• Pentatonic major scales on C and G
• The circle of 5ths, more about the new keys, G sharp minor and the double sharp
• Labelling scales, Arpeggios
• Working out the key of a piece
• Transposing tunes up or down
• Supertonic triads, chord progression
• Accented passing notes and auxiliary notes
• Imperfect cadences
• Inverting Intervals
• 4-parts chords
• Modulation
• Analysis, including musical words and symbols

Music: Unit 02

Economics: Unit 01

• Macro economics: Its meaning and scope Viz central problems-growth, inflation, employment
• Some basic concepts of macro economics: Business cycle, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stock and flows; gross investment and depreciation

Economics: Unit 02

• Circular flow of income; methods of calculating national income-value added or product method, expenditure method, income method
• Concepts and aggregates related to national income: Gross national product (GNP), net national product (NNP), gross and net domestic product (GDP and NDP)-at market price, at factor cost; national disposal income (gross and net)
• Concepts and aggregates related to national income: Personal income and personal disposable income; real and nominal GDP. GDP and welfare. Simple numerical examples

Economics: Unit 03

• Aggregate demand and its components
• Consumption function, propensity to consume and propensity to save, equilibrium output, types of unemployment

Economics: Unit 04

• Money-meaning, functions
• Supply of money-currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks, definition and functions
• Central bank-meaning and functions

Economics: Unit 05

• Monetary policy-meaning, types, and tools
• Fiscal policy-meaning, types, and tools
• Government budget-meaning, objectives, components, and types
• Classification of receipts-revenue receipt and capital receipt; classification of expenditure-revenue expenditure and capital expenditure

Economics: Unit 06

• Parameters of development-per capita income, human development in India
• A brief introduction of the state of the Indian economy on the eve of independence
• Main features, problems and policies of agriculture, and foreign trade

Economics: Unit 07

• Meaning, need, significant, and features of liberalization, globalization, disinvestment, and privatization
• Present features of Indian economy

Economics: Unit 08

• Poverty-absolute and relative; main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment; rural development: Key issues-credit and marketing, role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternate farming-organic farming
• Human capital formation: How people become resource; role of human capital in economic development
• Informal economy employment: Problems and policies
• Sustainable economic growth: Meaning, effects of economic development on resources and environment

Economics: Unit 09

• Objectives, targets, achievements, and drawbacks of different five year plans in India (a brief account)

Economics: Unit 10

• Meaning and difference, comparative study of India and China on the following indicators: i) Unemployment, ii) GDP growth, iii) GDP per capita, iv) GDP purchasing power parity, vi) inflation

Economics: Unit 11

Physics: Unit 01

• Electric charges and their conservation, Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in uniform electric field
• Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem
• Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field
• Free charges and bound charges inside a conductor
• Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, energy stored in a capacitor
• Van de Graff generator

Physics: Unit 02

• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility, and their relation with electric current
• Temperature dependence of resistance
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel
• Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications
• Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge
• Potentiometer-principle and its applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell

Physics: Unit 03

• Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment
• Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
• Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric field
• Cyclotron
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
• Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements
• Permanent magnets

Physics: Unit 04

• Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents
• Self and mutual inductance
• Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current
• AC generator and transformer

Physics: Unit 05

• Need for displacement current
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only)
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses

Physics: Unit 06

• Optical fibres, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker's formula
• Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror
• Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism
• Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia, hypermetropia)
• Microscopes and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: Wave front and Huygens' principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts
• Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle
• Interference, Young's double hole experiment and expression for fringe width coherent sources and sustained interference of light
• Diffraction due to single slit, width of central maximum
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes
• Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids

Physics: Unit 07

• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equationparticle nature of light
• Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation

Physics: Unit 08

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones

Physics: Unit 09

• Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors; semiconductor diode-I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier
• Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator
• Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR)
• Transistor as a switch

Physics: Unit 10

• Elements of a communication system (block diagram only); bandwidth of signals (speech, TV, and digital data); bandwidth of transmission medium
• Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky, and space wave propagation
• Need for modulation

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent, and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices
• Calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law, elevation of boiling point
• Depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass
• Van't Hoff factor

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's law
• EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells
• Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant
• Integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions)

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solid
• Colloidal state: Distinction between true solutions, colloids, and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic, multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen-preparation; properties and uses
• Group 15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen: Preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid
• Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, properties, and uses; classification of oxides; ozone
• Group 16 elements: Sulphur-allotropic forms, compounds of sulphur: Preparation, properties, and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: Properties, and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
• Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: Preparation, properties, and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds
• Group 17 elements: Oxoacids of halogens (structure only)
• Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration. Occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 07

• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characters of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour
• Catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction and its consequences

Chemistry: Unit 08

• Coordination compounds-introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, CFT

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration
• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reaction, uses of phenols
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses

Chemistry: Unit 12

• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines
• Cyanides and isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places in context

Chemistry: Unit 13

• Carbohydrates-classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration
• Proteins-elementary idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes
• Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Biology: Unit 01

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies, and examples; outbreedings devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modesapomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed and fruit formation
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive system; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation
• Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 02

• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon
• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance
• Heredity and variation: Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds, honeybee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian 145 disorders in humans- thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans
• Heredity and variation: Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes

Biology: Unit 03

• Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification
• Health and disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); basic concept of immunology-vaccines, cancer, HIV, and AIDS, adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse
• Health and disease: Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers

Biology: Unit 04

• Principles and process of biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology), BT crops
• Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 05

• Ecosystems: Patterns, components, productivity, and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves
• Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks and sanctuaries
• Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate, and death rate, age distribution

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Relations and functions: Types of relations-reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function
• Inverse trigonometric functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branches

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication, and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple properties of addition
• Matrices: Multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
• Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3x3 matrices), cofactors. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix
• Determinants: Solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Continuity and differentiability: Differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit function. Concepts of 152 exponential, logarithmic functions
• Continuity and differentiability: Derivatives of logex and ex. Derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives
• Applications of derivatives: Applications of derivatives-rate of change, increasing/ decreasing functions, tangents and normals
• Applications of derivatives: Maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)
• Applications of derivatives: Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations)
• Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions, and by parts, only simple integrals of the type: ∫ dx/ x ± a, ∫ dx/ √ x ± a, ∫ dx/ √ a − x
• Integrals: Only simple integrals of the type-∫ dx/ ax + bx + c, ∫ √ a ± x dx, ∫ √ x − a dx, ∫ √ ax + bx + c dx
• Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions, and by parts, only simple integrals
• Integrals: Definite integrals as a limit of a sum. Fundamental theorem of calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals
• Applications of the integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, arcs of circles/ parabolas/ ellipses (in standard form only)
• Differential equations: Definition, order, and degree. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables
• Differential equations: Homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dx/ dy+ px = Q, where P and Q are functional of y or constant

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/ ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel, and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector
• Vectors: Addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line
• Vectors: Vector (cross) product of vectors
• Three-dimensional geometry: Direction cosines/ ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
• Three-dimensional geometry: Distance of a point from a plane

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables
• Feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Multiplication theorem on probability
• Conditional probability, independent events, total probability, Baye's theorem
• Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable

Computer science: Unit 01

• Object oriented programming: Concept of object oriented programming-data hiding, data encapsulation, class and object, abstract class and concrete class, polymorphism (implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++)
• Object oriented programming: Inheritance, advantages of object oriented programming over earlier programming methodologies
• Implementation of object oriented programming concepts in C++: Definition of a class, members of a class-data members and member functions (methods), using private and public visibility modes, default visibility mode (private)
• Implementation of object oriented programming concepts in C++: Member function definition-inside class definition and outside class definition using scope resolution operator (::); declaration of objects as instances of a class
• Implementation of object oriented programming concepts in C++: Accessing members from object(s), objects as function arguments-pass by value and pass by reference
• Constructor: Special characteristics, declaration, and definition of a constructor, default constructor, overloaded constructors, copy constructor, constructor with default arguments
• Destructor: Special characteristics, declaration, and definition of destructor
• Inheritance (extending classes): Concept of inheritance, base class, derived class, defining derived classes, protected visibility mode; single level inheritance, multilevel inheritance and multiple inheritance, privately derived
• Inheritance (extending classes): Publicly derived and protectedly derived class, accessibility of members from objects and within derived class (es)
• Data file handling: Need for a data file, types of data files-text file and binary file
• Text file: Basic file operations on text file-creating/ writing text into file, reading and manipulation of text from an already existing text file (accessing sequentially)
• Binary file: Creation of file, writing data into file, searching for required data from file, appending data to a file, insertion of data in sorted file, deletion of data from file, modification of data in a file
• Binary file: Components of C++ to be used with file handling; header file: fstream.h; ifstream, ofstream, fstream classes; opening a text file in in, out, and app modes
• Binary file: Using cascading operators (>> <<) for writing text to the file and reading text from the file; open(), get(), put(), getline() and close() functions; detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function)
• Binary file: Opening a binary file using in, out, and app modes; open(), read(), write() and close() functions; detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function); tellg(), tellp(), seekg(), seekp() functions

Computer science: Unit 02

• Introduction to data structure, primitive and non-primitive data structure, linear and non-linear structure, static and dynamic data structure
• Arrays: One and two dimensional arrays-sequential allocation and address calculation; one dimensional array: Traversal, searching (linear, binary search), insertion of an element in an array, deletion of an element from an array
• Arrays: Sorting (insertion, selection) two-dimensional arrays: Traversal, finding sum/ difference of two NxM arrays containing numeric values, interchanging row and column elements in a two dimensional array
• Stack (array and linked implementation of stack): Introduction to stack (LIFO-last in first out operations), operations on stack (PUSH and POP) and its Implementation in C++
• Stack (array and linked implementation of stack): Converting expressions from INFIX to POSTFIX notation and evaluation of POSTFIX expression

Computer science: Unit 03

• Relational data model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key, alternate key, candidate key
• Relational algebra: Selection, projection, union, and Cartesian product
• General concepts: Advantages of using SQL, data definition language and data manipulation language
• Data types: Number/ decimal, character/ varchar / varchar2, date
• SQL commands: Create table, drop, drop table, alter table, update…set..., insert, delete; select, distinct, from, where, in, between, group by, having, order by; SQL functions: Sum, AVG, count, max, and min
• SQL commands: Obtaining results (select query) from 2 tables using equi-join, Cartesian product and union note: Implementation of the above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL supported software on one or two tables

Computer science: Unit 04

• Role of logical operations in computing: Binary-valued quantities, logical variable, logical constant and logical operators: AND, OR, NOT; truth tables; closure property, commutative law, associative law, identity law, inverse law, principle of duality
• Role of logical operations in computing: Idem potent law, distributive law, absorption law, involution law, De-Morgan's law and their applications
• Role of logical operations in computing: Obtaining sum of product (SOP) and product of sum (POS) form from the truth table, reducing Boolean expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form
• Role of logical operations in computing: Use of Karnaugh map for minimization of Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables)
• Application of computing logic: Building up logic circuits using basic logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOT). Use of Boolean operators (AND, OR) in search engine queries

Computer science: Unit 05

• Communication technologies: Evolution of networking-ARPANET, www, internet, interspace; different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques (circuit, message, and packet switching)
• Data communication terminologies: Concept of channel and data transfer rate (bps, kbps, mbps, gbps, tbps)
• Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link
• Network devices: Modem RJ11and RJ45 connectors, ethernet card, hub, switch, gateway
• Network topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree; PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
• Network protocol: TCP/IP, file transfer protocol (FTP), PPP, remote login (telnet), internet wireless/ mobile communication protocol such as GSM, CDMA, GPRS, WLL, mobile telecommunication technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G
• Network protocol: Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, protocols for chat and video conferencing VOIP, wireless protocols such as Wi-Fi and WiMax
• Network security concepts: Threats and prevention from viruses, worms, Trojan horse, spams. Use of cookies, protection using firewall; India IT act, cyber law, cyber crimes, IPR issues, hacking
• Web services: www, hyper text markup language (HTML), extensible markup language (XML); hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP); domain names; URL; protocol address; website, web browser, web servers; web hosting
• Open standards: Introduction to open standards and its advantage in development of inter-operable environment
• Open source concepts: Proprietory and open source software, freeware, shareware, FLOSS/ FOSS, GNU,FSF, OSI, W3C
• Cloud computing: Characteristics, layers-client, application, platform and infrastructure, deployment models-private cloud, public cloud, community cloud and hybrid cloud, issues-privacy, compliance, security, sustainability, and abuse

Information practices: Unit 01

• Computer networking: Networking-a brief overview, communication media: Wired technologies-co-axial, ethernet cable, optical fiber, wireless technologies-Blue tooth, infrared, microwave, radio link, satellite link.
• Computer networking: Network devices-hub, switch, repeater, gateway-and their functions, types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, network topologies: Star, bus, tree, network protocols: HTTP, TCP/IP, PPP
• Computer networking: Identifying computers and users over a network-basic concept of domain name, MAC (domain control) and IP address, domain name resolution, network security: Denial of service, intrusion problems, snooping
• Open source concepts: Open source software (OSS)-common FOSS/ FLOSS examples (e.g. Gnu/ Linux, Firefox, OpenOffice, Java, Netbeans, MySQL ), common open standards (WWW, HTML, XML, ODF, IP, TCP)
• Open source concepts: Indian language computing-character encoding, UNICODE, different types of fonts (open type vs. true type, static vs. dynamic), entering Indian language text-phonetic and key map based

Information practices: Unit 02

• Basic concept of: Access specifier for classes, members and methods, concept of package, inheritance: Need and implementation, method overloading and overriding, abstract class and interfaces, use of interface
• Commonly used libraries: String class and methods-toString(), concat(), length(), toLowerCase(), toUpperCase(), trim(), substring()
• Math object: pow(), round(), accessing MySQL database using ODBC/ JDBC to connect with database
• Web application development: URL, web server, communicating with the web server, concept of client and server side
• HTML based web pages covering basic tags: HTML, title, body, H1..H6, paragraph (P), line break (BR), section separator (HR), font, table, list (UL, OL), form, creating and accessing static pages using HTML and introduction to XML

Information practices: Unit 03

• Database fundamentals: Concept of database transaction, committing and cancelling a transaction using COMMIT and ROLLBACK
• Grouping records: Group by, group functions-MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), SUM(), COUNT(); using COUNT(*), distinct clause with count, group functions and null values
• Displaying data from multiple tables: Cartesian product, union, concept of foreign key, equi-join
• Creating a table: Using primary key and not null constraints, adding a constraint, enabling constraints, viewing constraints, viewing the columns associated with constraints using DESC command
• Alter table: Deleting a column, modifying data types of a column, adding constraints, enabling constraints and dropping constraints
• Drop table for deleting a table

Information practices: Unit 04

• Front-end interface: Introduction; content and features; identifying and using appropriate component (text box, radio button, checkbox, list) for data entry, validation and display
• Back-end database: Introduction and its purpose; exploring the requirement of tables and its essential attributes
• Front-end and database connectivity: Introduction, requirement and benefits, demonstration and development of appropriate front-end interface and back-end database for e-governance, e-business and e-learning applications
• Impact of ICT on society: Social and economical benefits and informania

Accountancy: Unit 01

• Not-for-profit organizations: Concept
• Receipts and payments account: Features and preparation
• Income and expenditure account: Features, preparation of income and expenditure account and balance sheet from the given receipts and payments account with additional information

Accountancy: Unit 02

• Fundamentals: Partnership-features, partnership deed. Provisions of the Indian partnership act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed. Fixed vs. fluctuating capital accounts
• Fundamentals: Preparation of profit and loss appropriation account-division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits. Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary, and profit sharing ratio)
• Fundamentals: Goodwill-nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation-average profit, super profit, and capitalization
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets and re-assessment of liabilities
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-distribution of reserves and accumulated profits
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26)
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-effect of retirement/ death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26)
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Calculation of deceased partner's share of profit till the date of death. Preparation of balance sheet
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-types of partnership firms. Settlement of accounts-preparation of realization account
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-other related accounts (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of partner’s firm)

Accountancy: Unit 03

• Accounting for share capital: Share and share capital-nature and types. Accounting for share capital: (i) issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares, (ii) private placement of shares, (iii) employee stock option plan (ESOP)
• Accounting for share capital: Accounting for share capital-(iv) public subscription of shares, (v) over subscription and under subscription of shares, (vi) issue at par, at premium, and at discount, (vii) calls in advance and calls in arrears
• Accounting for share capital: Accounting for share capital-(viii) Issue of shares for consideration other than cash. Accounting treatment of forfeiture and re-issue of shares
• Accounting for debentures: Issue of debentures-issue of debentures at par, at a premium, and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; issue of debentures as collateral security, interest on debentures
• Accounting for debentures: Creation of debenture redemption reserve

Accountancy: Unit 04

• Financial statements of a company: Statement of profit and loss and balance sheet of a company in the prescribed form with major headings and sub headings (as per schedule III to the companies act, 2013)
• Financial statement analysis: Objectives, importance, and limitations
• Tools for financial statement analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, cash flow analysis, ratio analysis
• Accounting ratios: Meaning, objectives, classification, and computation
• Liquidity ratios: Current ratio and quick ratio
• Solvency ratios: Debt to equity ratio, total asset to debt ratio, proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio
• Activity ratios: Inventory turnover ratio, trade receivables turnover ratio, trade payables turnover ratio and working capital turnover ratio
• Profitability ratios: Gross profit ratio, operating ratio, operating profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on investment

Accountancy: Unit 05

• Meaning, objectives, and preparation (as per AS3 revised) (indirect method)

Business studies: Unit 01

• Management-concept; meaning and features, objectives, and importance
• Management as science, art, and profession
• Levels of Management
• Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
• Coordination-concept and importance

Business studies: Unit 02

• Principles of management-concept and significance
• Fayol's principles of management
• Taylor's scientific management-principles and techniques

Business studies: Unit 03

• Business environment-concept and importance
• Dimensions of business environment-economic, social, technological, political, and legal

Business studies: Unit 04

• Concept, importance, and limitation
• Planning process

Business studies: Unit 05

• Concept and Importance
• Organising Process
• Structure of organisation-functional and divisional concept
• Delegation: Concept, elements, and importance
• Decentralization: Concept and importance

Business studies: Unit 06

• Concept and importance of staffing
• Staffing process
• Recruitment process
• Selection-process
• Training and development-concept and importance, methods of training-on the job and off the job-vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training

Business studies: Unit 07

• Concept and Importance
• Elements of Directing
• Supervision-concept, function of a supervisor
• Motivation-concept, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, financial and non-financial incentives
• Leadership-concept, styles-authoritative, democratic, and laissez faire
• Communication-concept, formal, and informal communication

Business studies: Unit 08

• Concept and Importance
• Steps in process of control

Business studies: Unit 09

• Concept, role, and objectives of financial management
• Financial decisions: Investment, financing and dividend-meaning and factors affecting
• Financial planning-concept and importance
• Capital structure-concept
• Fixed and working capital-concept and factors affecting their requirements

Business studies: Unit 10

• Financial markets: Concept, functions, and types
• Money market and its instruments
• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the primary market
• Stock exchange-functions and trading procedure
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-objectives and functions

Business studies: Unit 11

• Selling and marketing-concept
• Marketing management-concept
• Marketing Functions
• Marketing Management Philosophies
• Marketing mix-concept and elements
• Product-branding, labelling, and packaging-concept
• Price-concept, factors determining price
• Promotion-concept and elements; advertising concept, role, objections against advertising, personal selling concept and qualities of a good salesman, sales promotionconcept and techniques, public relations-concept and role

Business studies: Unit 12

• Concept of consumer protection
• Consumer protection act, 1986: Meaning of consumer rights and responsibilities of consumers-who can file a complaint against whom?, redressal machinery remedies available

Entrepreneurship: Unit 01

• Sensing entrepreneurial opportunities
• Environment Scanning
• Problem Identification
• Spotting Trends
• Creativity and Innovation
• Selecting the Right Opportunity

Entrepreneurship: Unit 02

• Forms of business entities-sole proprietorship
• Joint stock company-meaning characteristics and suitability
• Business Plan
• Organisational plan
• Operational plan and production plan
• Financial plan
• Marketing Plan
• Human Resource Planning
• Formalities for starting a business

Entrepreneurship: Unit 03

• Goals of business; goal setting
• SMART Goals
• Marketing and Sales strategy
• Branding-business name, logo, tag line
• Promotion strategy
• Business failure-reasons

Entrepreneurship: Unit 04

• Franchising
• Value Chain and Value Addition

Entrepreneurship: Unit 05

• Business arithmetic: Unit of sale, unit cost for multiple products or services, break even analysis for multiple products or services, importance and use of cash flow projections, budgeting and managing the finances, computation of working capital
• Business arithmetic: Inventory control and EOQ, return on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE)

Entrepreneurship: Unit 06

• Resource mobilization: Angel investor, venture capital funds, stock market-raising funds, specialized financial institutions-meaning and objectives

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 01

• Introduction-meaning, elements of a set, description of a set, types of a set, finite and infinite sets, empty sets, equality of sets, equivalent sets, sub-sets, family of sets, power sets, universal sets, Venn diagram, complement of sets
• Operations on sets (union, intersection, and difference of two sets), application of sets

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 02

• Definition of relation, domain and range of a relation

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 03

• Determinants of second order, third order, expansion of determinants, minor, some properties of determinants, solution of linear equations, Crammer's rule
• Applied problems in business

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 04

• Meaning-types of matrices, algebra of matrices, equality of matrices, addition and subtraction of matrices, multiplication of matrix by scalar, multiplication of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric matrix, determinants of a square matrix
• Minor, cofactor

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 05

• Adjoint of a square matrix, inverse of a matrix, solution of linear equations

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 06

• Investment of capital for unequal period, sharing profit, partner's salaries, interest on capital, profit sharing on the admission of a new partner/ retirement of an existing partner

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 07

• Meaning of bill of exchange, promissory note, true discount, banker's discount, present value, bill value, banker's gain, discounted value

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 08

• Meaning and nature of shares, meaning and nature of stock, dividend and yield, exdividend and cum-dividend price, brokerage

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 09

• Introduction-linear inequations in two variables and their graphs, solution set of a system of linear inequations, meaning of linear programming and its importance, objectives, function, optimization, limitations of linear programming
• Application areas of linear programming, different types of linear programming problems (L.P.P), mathematical formulation of linear programming problems
• Feasible and infeasible solutions

Fundamental of business mathematics: Unit 10

• Meaning of mixture or alligation, mixture of three or more ingredients

Financial markets management: Unit 01

• Market segments-primary market, secondary market
• Key indicators of securities market-index, market capitalisation, market capitalisation ratio, turnover, turnover ratio
• Products and participants-products, participants
• Market segments and their products
• Reforms in Indian securities markets
• Stock brokers
• NSE membership-new membership, eligibility criteria for membership at NSE, admission procedure for new membership
• Surrender of trading membership
• Suspension and expulsion of membership-basis of suspension of membership, suspension of business, removal of suspension, consequences of suspension, consequences of expulsion
• Declaration of defaulter
• Authorised persons
• Sub-brokers-eligibility, registration, cancellation of registration
• Broker-clients relations, client registration documents, unique client code (UCC), margins from the clients, execution of orders, contract note, payments/ delivery of securities to the clients, brokerage, segregation of bank account
• Segregation of demat (beneficiary) accounts
• Sub-broker-clients relations, relationship with clients, contract notes, securities/ funds
• Investor service cell and arbitration
• Code of advertisement

Financial markets management: Unit 02

• Introduction
• NEAT system
• Market types
• Trading system users hierarchy
• Local database
• Market phases
• Logging on
• Log off/ exit from the application
• NEAT screen
• Invoking an inquiry screen-market watch, security descriptor, market by price, previous trades, outstanding orders, activity log, order status, snap quote, market movement, market inquiry, auction inquiry, security/ portfolio list
• Multiple index broadcast and graph, online backup, basket trading, buy back trades, supplementary functions
• Order management-entering orders, order modification, order cancellation, order matching
• Internet broking
• Co-location
• Wireless application protocol (WAP)

Financial markets management: Unit 03

• Introduction
• Key terminologies used in clearing and settlement process
• Transaction cycle
• Settlement agencies
• Clearing and settlement process-clearing process, settlement process, settlement cycle
• Securities and funds settlement-securities settlement, funds settlement
• Shortages handling-valuation prices, close-out procedures
• Risks in settlement
• Risk management-capital adequacy requirements, margins, on-line exposure monitoring, off-line monitoring, index-based market-wide circuit breakers/ price bands for securities, settlement guarantee mechanism
• International securities identification number
• Data and report downloads-obligation reports, custodial trade reports, deliveries reports, funds reports, auction reports, other reports
• SEBI (intermediaries) regulations, 2008
• SEBI (prohibition of insider trading) regulations, 2015-prohibition on dealing, communicating or counselling (chapter II), investigation (chapter III), disclosures and internal procedure for prevention of insider trading (chapter IV)
• SEBI (prohibition of fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities market) regulations, 2003-prohibition of certain dealings in securities, prohibition of manipulative, fraudulent and unfair trade practices
• The depositories act, 1996
• Indian contract act, 1872
• Income tax act, 1961

Financial markets management: Unit 04

• Types of derivative contract
• Basic derivatives
• History of financial derivatives markets
• Participants in a derivative market
• Economic function of the derivative market
• Understanding interest rates
• Understanding the stock index
• Economic significance of index movements
• Index construction
• Desirable attributes of an index
• Applications of index

Financial markets management: Unit 05

• Forward contracts
• Limitations of forward markets
• Introduction to futures
• Distinction between futures and forwards contracts
• Futures terminology
• Trading underlying vs. trading single stock futures
• Futures payoffs
• Pricing futures
• Understanding Beta (β)
• Numerical illustration of applications of stock futures
• Hedging using stock index futures
• Option terminology
• Comparison between futures and options