PSEB 12th Exam 2025 - Date Sheet, Exam Pattern, Syllabus, Result

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 01

• Management-concept, objectives, and importance
• Management as science, art, and profession
• Levels of Management
• Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 02

• Principles of management-concept and significance
• Fayol’s principles of management
• Taylor’s scientific management-principles and techniques

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 03

• Business environment-concept and importance
• Dimensions of business environment-economic, social, technological, political, and legal
• Demonetization-concept and features
• Impact of government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization, privatization, and globalization in India

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 04

• Concept, importance, and limitation
• Planning process
• Single use and standing plans
• Objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, method, rules, budget, and programme

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 05

• Concept and Importance
• Organising Process
• Structure of organisation-functional and divisional concept
• Formal and informal organisation-concept
• Delegation: Concept, elements, and importance
• Centralisation-concept and features
• Decentralization: Concept, features, and importance

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 06

• Concept and importance of staffing
• Staffing as a part of human resource management-concept
• Staffing process
• Recruitment process
• Selection process
• Training and development-concept and importance, methods of training-on the job and off the job, vestibule training, apprenticeship training, and internship training

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 07

• Concept and Importance
• Elements of Directing
• Supervision-concept and importance
• Motivation-concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, financial and non-financial incentives
• Leadership-concept, styles-authoritative, democratic, and laissez faire
• Elements of directing: Communication-concept, formal, and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 08

• Controlling-concept and importance
• Relationship between planning and controlling
• Steps in process of control

Business studies-II (Part-A-principles and functions of management): Unit 09

• Coordination: meaning, nature, and importance

Business studies-II (Part-B-business finance and marketing): Unit 01

• Financial decisions: Investment, financing, and dividend, meaning and factors affecting financial decisions
• Financial planning-concept and importance
• Capital structure-concept and factors affecting capital structure
• Fixed and working capital-concept and factors affecting their requirements

Business studies-II (Part-B-business finance and marketing): Unit 02

• Financial markets: Concept, functions, and type
• Money market and its instruments
• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the primary market
• Stock exchange-functions and trading procedure
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-objectives and functions

Business studies-II (Part-B-business finance and marketing): Unit 03

• Marketing-concept, functions, and philosophies
• Marketing mix-concept and elements
• Product-branding, labelling, and packaging, concept
• Price-concept, factors determining price
• Physical distribution-concept, components, and channels of distribution
• Promotion-concept and elements; advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations

Business studies-II (Part-B-business finance and marketing): Unit 04

• Concept and importance of consumer protection
• Consumer protection act 1986: Meaning of consumer
• Rights and responsibilities of consumers
• Who can file a complaint ?
• Redressal machinery
• Remedies available
• Consumer awareness-role of consumer organizations and Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs)

Economics (Part-A-introductory macroeconomics): Unit 01

• What is macro economics?, classical and Keynesian views about macroeconomics
• Scope, importance and limitations of macroeconomics
• Concept of equilibrium: Partial equilibrium and general equilibrium
• Basic concepts in macroeconomics: Consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods, stocks and flows variables, etc
• Circular flow of income (two sector economy model)
• Real flow and monetary flow
• Concept of injections and withdrawals in circular flow of income and output
• Aggregates related to national income: Gross national product (GNP), net national product (NNP), gross and net domestic product (GDP and NDP)-at market price, at factor cost
• Methods of calculating national income-value added or product method, expenditure method, income method with numerical questions

Economics (Part-A-introductory macroeconomics): Unit 02

• Aggregate demand-aggregate supply and their components
• Consumption function, saving function, investment function
• Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal)
• Short-run equilibrium output
• Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment
• Investment multiplier and its mechanism
• Problems of excess demand and deficient demand
• Measures to correct to correct excess and deficient demand through monetary and fiscal policies of the government along with the instruments of monetary and fiscal policies

Economics (Part-A-introductory macroeconomics): Unit 03

• Money-barter system of exchange: Meaning and Limitations
• Money: Meaning, importance, and functions of money
• Concept of supply of money and its measurement
• Banking: Meaning and functions of commercial banks. Meaning and functions of central bank (example of the Reserve Bank of India). Control of credit by by central bank through quantitative and qualitative measures

Economics (Part-A-introductory macroeconomics): Unit 04

• Government budget-meaning, objectives, and components
• Classification of receipts-revenue receipts and capital receipts; tax: Meaning and types of taxes; classification of expenditure-revenue expenditure and capital expenditure, planned expenditure and non-planned expenditure
• Classification of expenditure-developmental and non-developmental expenditure
• Measures of government deficit-revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning

Economics (Part-A-introductory macroeconomics): Unit 05

• Foreign exchange rate-meaning of fixed and flexible rates and methods of their determination along with their advantages and limitations
• Foreign exchange market-meaning and functions
• Balance of payments-meaning and components
• Various types of accounts in balance of payment
• Deficit in balance of payment: Meaning and measures to correct it

Economics (Part-B-Indian economic development): Unit 01

• A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence
• Five year plans and NITI ayog; rational behind the adoption of five years economic plan, common goals of five-year economic plans with their success and failures
• NITI Aayog; a brief introduction, structure, and its working
• Agriculture: Meaning, importance, main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy)
• Industry: Meaning, importance, problems and policies for industrial development (industrial licensing, etc)
• Economic reforms since 1991: Features of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation (LPG policy) and measures adopted in this policy of LPG. A critical evaluation of LPG Policy

Economics (Part-B-Indian economic development): Unit 02

• Poverty: Absolute and relative. Causes of poverty, suggestions to solve the problem of poverty from India and main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment
• Unemployment: Meaning, types and causes, suggestions to solve the problem of unemployment from India. Main programmes for the solution of the problem of unemployment from India
• Rural development: Key issues-credit and marketing, role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; organic farming
• Human capital formation: How people become resource; role of human capital in economic development; growth of education sector in India
• Infrastructure: Meaning and types, energy and health, problems and policies: A critical assessment
• Sustainable economic development: Meaning, effects of economic development on resources and environment, including global warming
• Concept of pollution: Types and suggestions to solve the problem of pollution

Economics (Part-C-statistics in economics): Unit 01

• Coefficient of correlation-meaning and properties
• Methods for the measurement of coefficient of correlation: Scatter diagram method, Karl Pearson's method (only by direct method) (two variables ungrouped data) Spearman's rank correlation (in case of untied ranks only)
• Index numbers-meaning, methods of constructing; unweighted index (simple aggregative and simple average of price relative method)
• Weighted index numbers (weighted aggregative methods including only Laspeyres, Paasche's and Fisher's index numbers)
• Wholesale price index, consumer price index and index of industrial production
• Uses of index numbers; inflation and index numbers

Biology: Unit 01

• Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organism for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual reproduction; modes-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation
• Reproduction in organisms: Vegetative propagation in plants
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies, and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit, special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal, and fruit formation
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle, fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea), parturition (elementary idea), lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary ides for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 02

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance, deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy, elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance
• Heredity and variation: Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans
• Heredity and variation: Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting
• Evolution: Origin of life, biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution
• Evolution: Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution

Biology: Unit 03

• Human health and disease: Pathogens/ parasites causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, dengue, chikungunya, ringworm), basic concepts of immunology-vaccines
• Human health and disease: Cancer, HIV, and AID’s, adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse
• Strategies for enhancement in food production: Improvement in food production-plant breeding, tissues culture, single cell protein, biofortification, apiculture, and animal husbandry
• Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers, antibiotics-production

Biology: Unit 04

• Biotechnology: Principles and processes-genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
• Biotechnology and its applications: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture-human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 05

• Organisms and populations: Organisms and environment-habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate, and death rate
• Organisms and populations: Organisms and environment-population attributes-age distribution
• Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity, and decompositions; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrients cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession, ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release
• Biodiversity and conservation: Concepts of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves
• Biodiversity and conservation: National parks, and sanctuaries
• Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and global warming; ozone depletion; deforestation
• Environmental issues: Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces: Molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)
• Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties
• Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law, elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point
• Osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass
• Van't Hoff factor

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's law
• Electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea) dry cell-electrolytic cells and galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells; corrosion
• Relation between Gibbs Energy change and EMF of cell

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst; Order and molecularity of a reaction: rate law and specific rate constant
• Order and molecularity of a reaction: Integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)
• Activation energy, Arrhenius equation

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Absorption physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids; catalysis; homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity, and selectivity; enzyme catalysis
• Colloidal state: Distinction between true solutions, colloids, and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic, multimolecular and macromolecular/ colloids; properties of colloids, Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation
• Emulsion-types of emulsions

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Principles and methods of extraction-concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining, occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminum, copper, zinc, and iron

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen preparation properties and uses
• Group 15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen: Preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only); phosphorus-allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus: Preparation and properties of phosphine,
• Group 15 elements: Compounds of phosphorus-halides and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
• Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen; preparation, properties and uses; classification of oxides; ozone
• Group 16 elements: Sulphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur preparation, properties and uses of sulphur dioxide, sulphuric acid, industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
• Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens; preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds
• Group 17 elements: Oxoacids of halogens (structures only)
• Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration. Occurrence, trends in physical, and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 08

• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization, enthalpy, oxidation states
• Ionic radii, colour, electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid, contraction, oxidation states
• Actenoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Coordination compounds-introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding
• Werner’s theory VBT, CFT, isomerism (structure and stereo) importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and biological systems)

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical, and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only) uses and environmental effects of-dichloromethane

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, with special reference to-methanol and ethanol
• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical, and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 12

• Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses
• Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical, and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 13

• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical, and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines
• Cyanides and isocyanides: Will be mentioned at relevant places in context
• Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions, and importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry: Unit 14

• Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); importance
• Proteins: Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes
• Vitamins: Classification and functions
• Hormones: Elementary idea (excluding structure)
• Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Chemistry: Unit 15

• Classification-natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization
• Some important polymers; natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, rubber
• Biodegradable and nonbiodegradable polymers

Chemistry: Unit 16

• Chemicals in medicines analgesic, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines
• Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents
• Elementary idea of antioxidants
• Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action

Physics: Unit 01

• Electric charges; charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge (addition of charges, quantisation of charges, and their Conservation) Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges
• Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electrical field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field due to system of charge, physical significance of electric field, electric-field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; (on its axis, on equatorial plane)
• Physical significance of dipoles; torque on a dipole in uniform electric field
• Electric field due to continuous charge distribution
• Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem, proof of Gauss’s theorem for a charge enclosed in sphere, and its applications to find electric field due to infinitely long straight wire
• Uniformly charged infinite thin plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
• Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole with special cases for axis and equatorial plane and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, its properties
• Relation between field and potential electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges, potential energy in external field and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators, electrostatics of conductors, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor
• Electrostatic shielding its uses, dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel
• Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 02

• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, drift of electron mobility and their relation with electric current: Ohm's law, electrical resistance
• V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, and conductivity
• Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance and resistivity
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel
• Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications of Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge
• Potentiometer-principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells, measurement of internal resistance of a cell

Physics: Unit 03

• Concept of Magnetic Field
• Oersted's experiment, Biot-savart law and its application to find magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying circular loop, Ampere's circuital law (no proof) and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
• Cyclotron
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors, definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometers-its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
• Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis
• Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; magnetism and Gauss’s law; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements, magnetisation and magnetic intensity
• Magnetic properties of materials, Para-, dia-and ferro- magnetic substances with examples, electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths
• Permanent magnets

Physics: Unit 04

• Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's and Henry experiments, magnetic flux, Faraday laws, induced EMF and current, Lenz's law and conservation of energy, motional emf, Eddy currents: Self and mutual inductance
• Alternating current, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedances; phasors, AC applied across resistance, AC applied across inductor, as applied across capacitor, AC applied across LCR, LC oscillations, across inductor
• AC applied across capacitor, AC applied across ILC oscillations, (qualitative treatment only)
• LCR series circuit resonance; power in AC circuit, wattless current
• AC generator and transformer

Physics: Unit 05

• Need for displacement current, electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only)
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, radio microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses

Physics: Unit 06

• Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula
• Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, refraction by lens, lenses, thin lens formula/ equation, lensmaker's formula
• Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of lens, and mirror
• Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism
• Some natural phenomenon due to sunlight, scattering of light-blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset
• Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
• Waves optics: Wave front and Huygens' Principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using Huygens’ principle, wave fronts
• Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle
• Interference Young's double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and incoherent addition of waves and sustained interference of light
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes
• Polarisation, polarization by scattering and reflection, plane polarised light-Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and polaroids

Physics: Unit 07

• Electron emission, photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations', experimental study of photoelectric effect, and wave theory of light, Einstein's photoelectric equation, particle nature of light, the photon, Matter waves-wave nature of particles
• De Broglie relation
• Davisson Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained)

Physics: Unit 08

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment, Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen atom, expression for radius, velocity, and energy of electron in orbit, energy levels, line spectrum of hydrogen atom, atomic spectra
• De Broglie's explanation of Bohr's second postulate of quantization
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, isotones
• Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties; radioactive decay law, alpha, beta, and gamma decay
• Mass-energy relation, mass-defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear force, nuclear reactor, nuclear energy

Physics: Unit 09

• Classification of metal insulator and semiconductor, energy bands in solids (qualitative idea only) conductor, insulators, and semiconductors; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction
• Semiconductor Diode-1-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier, 1-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode, Zener diode as a voltage regulator

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Relations and functions: Types of relations-reflexive, symmetric, transitive, and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function
• Inverse trigonometric functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation of matrices. Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar
• Matrices: Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
• Matrices: Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists, (here all matrices will have real entries)
• Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3x3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors, and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix.
• Determinants: Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equation by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Continuity and differentiability: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit function. Concepts of exponential and logarithmic functions
• Continuity and differentiability: Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives
• Continuity and differentiability: Rolle’s and Lagrange’s mean value theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation
• Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of bodies, increasing/ decreasing functions, tangents and normal, use of derivatives in approximation
• Applications of derivatives: Maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)
• Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real life situations)
• Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them:
• Integrals: ∫dx/ x²±a², ∫dx/ √x²±a², ∫dx/ √a²-x², ∫dx/ √ax²±bx+c, ∫dx/ ax²±bx+c, ∫(px+q)/ ax²±bx+c dx, ∫(px+q)/ √ax²±bx+c dx, ∫√a²±x² dx and ∫√x²-a² dx, ∫√ax²±bx+c dx and ∫(px+q)√ax²±bx+c dx, definite integrals as a limit of a sum
• Integrals: Fundamental theorem of calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals
• Applications of the integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ ellipses (in standard form only), area between any of the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable)
• Differential equations: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables
• Differential equations: Solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx+py=Q where p and q are functions of x or constant
• Differential equations: Solutions of linear differential equation of the type dx/dy+px=q where p and q are functions of y or constant

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude, and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel, and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector
• Vectors: Components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio
• Vectors: Definition, geometrical interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product of vectors
• Three-dimensional geometry: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equations and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
• Three-dimensional geometry: Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Linear programming: Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objectives function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P problems
• Linear programming: Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Probability: Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events; total probability, Bayes theorem. Random variable, and its probability distribution, mean and variance of random variable. Binomial probability distribution

History: Unit 01

History: Unit 02

History: Unit 03

History: Unit 04

History: Unit 05

History: Unit 06

History: Unit 07

History: Unit 08

History: Unit 09

History: Unit 10

History: Unit 11

History: Unit 12

History: Unit 13

History: Unit 14

History: Unit 15

History: Unit 16

History: Unit 17

History: Unit 18

History: Unit 19

History: Unit 20

History: Unit 21

History: Unit 22

History: Unit 23

Geography: Unit 01

• Geographical thought; brief definitions of determinism, and possibilism, radical, and postmodern geography
• The contribution of A.V Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Paul Vidal De La Blache, and E.C Sample, and branches of geography

Geography: Unit 02

• Population: Distribution density and growth, age-sex ratio, urbanisation
• Literacy, determinants of population change, geography of Indian diaspora, migration causes and consequences, demographic transition theory
• Human development concept; selected indicators, international comparison, Punjab’s rank in national HDI
• Human settlements: Rural and urban, urbanisation in India and its impact
• Distribution of metropolitan cities, mega cities
• Growth centres and growth poles

Geography: Unit 03

• Primary activities: Concepts and changing trends; gathering; pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern trends in agriculture with special reference to Punjab, and organic farming
• Primary activities: Geographic distribution of major crops in India (wheat, rice, tea, coffee, cotton jute, sugarcane)
• Secondary activities: Concepts, manufacturing types (household, small scale, large scale, agro based, and mineral based industries with special reference to Punjab. Distribution of metallic (iron ore, copper, bauxite, manganese,) non-metallic
• Secondary activities: Conventional (coal petroleum, natural gas), non-conventional (solar, wind, tidal), and conservation of resources
• Secondary activities: Industries-types, distribution of selected industries; iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar, pharmaceutical petrochemical, and knowledge-based industries. Industrial corridors, dedicated freight corridors
• Secondary activities: FDI and impact on Indian industries. Tertiary activities; quaternary, and quinary activities. People engaged in tertiary industries. A case study from Punjab

Geography: Unit 04

• Land transport: Roads, (north south, east-west corridors, golden quadrilateral, and diamond quadrilateral) new numbering scheme of national highways
• Railways: Trans-continental railways
• Luxury trains in India
• Water transport
• Inland, major ocean routes of the world
• Air transport, oil, and gas pipelines (TAPI, HBJ, Indo Iranian Naharkatia-Nunmati-Barauni pipeline, Kandla-Bhatinda pipeline, gas pipelines-Jamnagar Srinagar L.P.G pipeline, Dabhol-Kakinada pipeline)
• International and national trade, sea ports, and their hinterlands and major airports)
• International trade bases and changing patterns
• International organisations with reference to India
• Role of WTO in International trade

Geography: Unit 05

• Environmental pollution; land, water, air
• Geography of superlatives in India and Punjab

Political science (Part-A-political theories): Unit 01

• Meaning, characteristics, functions of political system, David Easton’s input output model, difference between state and political system

Political science (Part-A-political theories): Unit 02

• Liberalism, Marxism, political ideas of Mahatma Gandhi

Political science (Part-A-political theories): Unit 03

• Meaning and importance, recruitment, role and functions, distinction between political executive and permanent executive and their respective roles

Political science (Part-A-political theories): Unit 04

• Role and importance of public opinion in a democratic polity
• Agencies for the formulation and expression of public opinion

Political science (Part-A-political theories): Unit 05

• Political parties-their functions and importance, basis of formation of political parties, types of party system, the role of opposition

Political science (Part-A-political theories): Unit 06

• Interest groups and pressure groups-their nature types and functions, ways of functioning of pressure groups,

Political science (Part-B-Indian political system): Unit 01

• Parliamentary model, problems and challenges to Indian democracy and future of Indian democracy

Political science (Part-B-Indian political system): Unit 02

• Concept of Panchayati Raj, structure and working of Panchayati Raj (73th Amendment), Panchayati Raj-some problems, local bodies in urban areas (74th Amendment),

Political science (Part-B-Indian political system): Unit 03

• Nature of party system in India, study of major 4 national political parties (INC, BJP, CPI, CPI (M) their programs, and policies), regional political parties in Punjab (SAD, AAP), problems facing the Indian party system

Political science (Part-B-Indian political system): Unit 04

• Adult franchise direct and indirect elections, and people’s participation, voting behavior-meaning and determinants, election commission and election procedure

Political science (Part-B-Indian political system): Unit 05

• Problems of national integration, steps taken to promote national integration

Political science (Part-B-Indian political system): Unit 06

• Determinants of foreign policy, basic principles of foreign policy, India and the United Nations, India, and SAARC

Political science (Part-B-Indian political system): Unit 07

• India’s relations with her neighbors-Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, India’s relation with U.S.A. and Russia, India’s approach to major world issues-human rights, disarmament, and globalization

Philosophy: Unit 01

• Idealism: Characteristics; kinds-subjective idealism (Berkeley), objective idealism (Plato)
• Materialism: Characteristics; kinds-mechanical materialism, dialectical materialism
• Epistemology: Sources of knowledge; empiricism, rationalism, intuitionism, testimony
• Theories of truth: Correspondence theory, coherence theory and pragmatic theory

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Its various steps; characteristics, uses of scientific method, difference between scientific method and non-scientific methods
• Hypothesis: Its meaning, its place in scientific method; formulation of a relevant hypothesis, conditions of valid hypothesis. Uses of hypothesis

Philosophy: Unit 03

• Its meaning, popular, and scientific explanation, kinds/ forms and limits of scientific explanation
• Propositions: Meaning and definition of propositions, difference between sentence and proposition, various divisions of propositions

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Its nature and characteristics
• The philosophy of Bhagavad-Gita-Karma Yoga (philosophy of action)
• Sikhism: Its salient features, concepts of Sangat, Pangat, and Sarbat da Bhala

Media studies: Unit 01

• Brief history and development of media in India, with special reference to Punjab; evolution of print media, evolution of radio, evolution of television, evolution of cinema, evolution of internet
• History of Punjabi journalism, evolutionary period-1850 A.D. to 1900 A.D., 1900 A.D. to 1947 A.D., 1947 A.D. to 2000 A.D., After 2000 A.D.
• Radio programmes-characteristics, types, and Impact
• T.V. programmes-characteristics, types, and Impact
• Script writing for radio and television programmes

Media studies: Unit 02

• Indian cinema, types (commercial and art), characteristics, and Impact
• Punjabi cinema, characteristics, and Impact (special reference to-Chann Pardesi, Marhi da Diva, Des hoeya Padeis, Nabar and Asees, semi-Punjabi and Hindi Films, Pinjar, Chakravyuh, Udta Punjab, Page 3 and Peepli Live)
• Cyber/ online journalism: (i). Social networking, Facebook, Twitter, Blogging, websites, portal, Instagram, (ii) communication through cell phones; WhatsApp, SMS
• Media advertising; selling, and marketing products through advertising
• Introduction to media ethics
• Basic terminology and use reference materials

Home science (Part-A-food and nutrition): Unit 01

• Definitions: Food, nutrition, health, nutrients, nutrient density, malnutrition, recommended dietary allowances, nutritional status, functional food, nutraceuticals, antioxidants, geriatrics, probiotics. Functions of food
• Classification of food groups based on the recommendation of ICMR
• Balanced diet
• Food guide pyramid

Home science (Part-A-food and nutrition): Unit 02

• Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, iodine, fluorine), vitamins (A, D, E, K, B, and C) and water: (i) Functions and sources, (ii) health effects of too little and too much of nutrients
• Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, iodine, fluorine), vitamins (A, D, E, K, B, and C) and water: (iii) Enhancing nutritional value of foods

Home science (Part-A-food and nutrition): Unit 03

• Meaning, importance, and principles of meal Planning
• Planning meals for the family-children (infants, pre schoolers, and school going children), adolescents (boys and girls), adults (men and women), pregnant women, lactating mothers, and elderly

Home science (Part-A-food and nutrition): Unit 04

• Food selection and storage
• Preparation of food: Different methods of cooking
• Food preservation at home-importance and method

Home science (Part-A-food and nutrition): Unit 05

• Food hygiene
• Food adulteration
• Removal of the pesticide residues from food by different methods

Home science (Part-A-food and nutrition): Unit 06

• Principles of diet therapy
• Adaptation of normal diet for therapeutic purpose

Home science (Part-B-human development): Unit 01

• Signs, discomforts, and warning signs of pregnancy
• Antenatal care of expectant mother (diet, rest, exercise, medical checkups, and immunization)
• Alternative reproductive methods (in-vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, zygote intrafallopian transfer, and surrogacy)

Home science (Part-B-human development): Unit 02

• Stages of prenatal development ( germinal, embryonic, and fetal)
• Fetal monitoring techniques (ultrasound, chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and foetoscopy)
• Environmental influences on prenatal development (teratogens, diseases, harmful drugs, and x-ray)

Home science (Part-B-human development): Unit 03

• Stages of birth process (dilation, expulsion, and placental stage)
• Types of childbirth (natural, instrument, breech, and caesarean)
• Categories of new born babies (pre-term, term, and post-term)

Home science (Part-B-human development): Unit 04

• Meaning and purpose of postnatal care
• Aspects of postnatal care
• Effects of parenthood on mother, father, and other family members

Home science (Part-B-human development): Unit 05

• Characteristics of newborn
• Neonatal reflexes
• Feeding, bathing, and clothing of newborn
• Immunization
• Developmental milestones and delays

Home science (Part-B-human development): Unit 06

• Mother-child interaction
• Developmentally appropriate play material
• Common childhood ailments

Environmental education: Unit 01

• Concept and value of biodiversity
• Levels of biodiversity species, eco, and genetic
• Balance in nature
• Biodiversity for sustenance of mankind
• Resource limitation
• Ecological role of biodiversity
• Interdependence among different species
• India as a mega diversity nation
• Economic potential of biodiversity
• Loss of biodiversity-threatened, endangered, and extinct
• Strategies for conservation of biodiversity in situ and ex situ
• Mitigating the people-wildlife conflict

Environmental education: Unit 02

• Need for environment management vis-a-vis development
• Aspects of environmental management-ethical, economic, technological, and social
• Legal provisions for environmental management
• Approaches for environmental management-economic policies, environmental indicators, setting of standards, information exchange, and surveillance
• Problem of stubble and its management

Environmental education: Unit 03

• Concept of sustainable development
• Concept of sustainable consumption
• Need for sustainable development for improving the quality of life for the present and future
• Challenges for sustainable development-political and administrative will, dynamic and flexible policies, appropriate technologies, comprehensive review, and revision mechanism, human approach
• Development of skilled manpower
• Role of individual and community
• Role of national and international agencies (both governmental and non-governmental)

Environmental education: Unit 04

• Need for sustainable agriculture
• Green revolution-impact on environment
• Importance of soil for crops, irrigation systems, use of manure, and fertilizers
• Crop protection-major plant pests and diseases (wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, potato), measures for their control agrochemicals
• Impact of agrochemicals on environment
• Elements of sustainable agriculture-mixed farming, mixed cropping, crop rotation, biological and economic consideration, use of biofertilizers and bio pesticides, biological pest control, integrated pest management
• Application of biotechnology in crop improvement
• Management of agricultural produces-storage, preservation, transportation, and processing

Environmental education: Unit 05

• Meeting basic human need, food, water, shelter, and fuel for all
• Population control
• Changing consumption patterns
• Prevention and control of environmental pollution
• Waste management-reduce, reuse, and recycle
• Community movement for ecological restoration and conservation of environment like joint forest Management (JFM), student's participation in tree rearing, social, and agroforestry
• Drugs-ill effects (part-II) consequences of use of different drugs, the narcotic drugs, and psychotropic substances act 1985 offences as penalties

Computer application: Unit 01

• Introduction to object orientation, difference between structured and object oriented language, introduction to C++, program structure, program design and implementation issues, character set of C++, C++ basic elements, structure of a program
• What is meant by an object ?

Computer application: Unit 02

• Concepts of data types, data types modifiers, constants, string literals, variables, operators in C++, expressions and statements, conditional expression, operators precedence in C++

Computer application: Unit 03

• Conditional statements, selection statements: If and else, nested if (nested blocks), another selection statements-switch, jump statement, the break statement, the continue statement, the go to statement, exit() function, iteration statement (C++)
• Loop and nested loops, console I/O functions, header files

Computer application: Unit 04

• Definition of function, function prototype, objective of using function prototype, accessing a function, passing argument to a function, default values for parameters, the const argument, C++ function call by value, C++ function call by reference
• Parameter pass by reference, return statement, passing arrays as function arguments in C++, C++ variable scope, local variables

Computer application: Unit 05

• Declaring arrays, one dimensional array, nature of subscript, multidimensional array, two-dimensional arrays, arrays of strings

Computer application: Unit 06

• Classes, access specifiers and default labels, scope of class and its members, member functions, data hiding and encapsulation, inline functions, nesting of member functions, arrays within a class, static function members

Computer application: Unit 07

• Need for constructors, default constructors, parameterized constructor, default copy constructor, dynamic initialization using constructors, the class destructor, function overloading in C++, steps involved in finding the best match

Computer application: Unit 08

• Inheritance: Extending classes, need for inheritance, defining derived Class, different forms of inheritance, visibility modes, inherit private members of base class

Computer application: Unit 09

• Introduction, computer networks, network topology, advantages and disadvantages of network, data communication, transmission channel, types of networks

Physical education and sports: Unit 01

Physical education and sports: Unit 02

Physical education and sports: Unit 03

Physical education and sports: Unit 04

Physical education and sports: Unit 05

Physical education and sports: Unit 06

Psychology: Unit 01

• Difference between growth and development, principles of growth and development
• Stages of growth and development, physical, mental, emotional, and social, characteristics of adolescence, effect of heredity and environment in growth and development

Psychology: Unit 02

• Definition, concept, and characteristics of emotions, physical, and physiological changes accompanying emotions
• Difference between emotions and feelings, important emotions: Fear, anger, and aggression, jealousy, love, happiness, curiosity

Psychology: Unit 03

• Meaning, definition, and characteristics of motivated behaviour, classes, and types of motives and needs, Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs
• Instincts, drives, incentives, and goals as motives
• Frustrations and conflicts of motives

Psychology: Unit 04

• Definition, types, and stages of thinking-images and thinking-languages and thinking
• Reasoning-definition, characteristics, steps, and types of reasoning, problem solving, creative thinking, concepts: Definition, type of formation of concepts

Psychology: Unit 05

• Delinquent behavior, definition, characteristics, causes, remedial and preventive measures-mental health: Meaning and definition, characteristics of a mentally healthy person, defence mechanism

Psychology: Unit 06

• Definition, nature and theories: Spearman's two factor theory and Thurstone's primary mental abilities theory-concept of I.Q. measurement of intelligence-intelligence tests-relative role of heredity and environment on the development of intelligence

Psychology: Unit 07

• Definition, nature, characteristics and traits of personality classification of personality: Sheldon's Jung's and Eysenck's classifications-theories of personality, Freud's psychoanalytical theory-Jung's analytical theory
• Allport's theory of cardinal traits, Carl Rogers theory of self, Adler's theory of will power

Psychology: Unit 08

• Frequency distribution, mean, median, mode, mean deviation, standard deviation, quartile deviation. (Only numerical will be set from this unit)

Public administration: Unit 01

• Recruitment and training: UPSC-its organisation and role
• Promotion and position classification
• Conduct and discipline
• Morale
• Joint consultative machinery-employer employee relations

Public administration: Unit 02

• Budget-meaning, principles, and importance
• The budget as an instrument of public policy
• The budgetary process
• Ministry of finance-its organisation and working legislative control finance
• Public accounts committee at the central level
• Estimates committee at the central level
• Performance budgeting

Public administration: Unit 03

• Comptroller and auditor general of india
• Accounting: Its importance and organisation

Public administration: Unit 04

• Scientific management
• Human relations approach

Public administration: Unit 05

• Communication
• Supervision
• Coordination
• Centralisation
• Decentralisation
• Field headquarter relationship

Public administration: Unit 06

• Leadership
• Policy formation
• Planning and decision making

Public administration: Unit 07

• O and M (organisation and methods)
• Administrative reforms

Public administration: Unit 08

• Administrative Law
• Rule of law
• Delegated legislation
• Administrative tribunals-role, structure, and working

Sociology: Unit 01

• Tribal society: Meaning, features, classification of tribes; marriage system; issues-deforestation and displacement; changes in tribal society
• Rural society: Meaning, features; issues-indebtedness, impact of green revolution; changes in rural society
• Urban society: Meaning features; issues housing and slums

Sociology: Unit 02

• Caste inequalities: Concept, features; caste and social stratification, theories of origin of caste, caste inequality, and Indian society
• Class inequalities: Concept of class, features of class; relations between caste, class, status group, and class hierarchy, views of sociologists on class structure, classes in rural and urban India
• Gender inequalities: Concept, gender inequality, theories of feminism, gender; gender discrimination: Meaning and nature; problems of women, role of gender relation in societal development

Sociology: Unit 03

• Westernisation and Sanskritization: Westernisation-meaning, carrier of process, features, impact: Sanskritization-meaning, Sanskritisation preferred as against Brahminization, dominant caste, impact
• Modernisation and globalisation-modernisation-meaning, characteristic, process of modernisation, causes, Impact: Globalisation-meaning, characteristics, process of globalization, causes, impact
• Social movement: Meaning types, stages caste based movements, class based movements, women's movements, environmental movements

Sociology: Unit 04

• Social problems: Alcoholism and drug addiction
• Violence against women: Female foeticide and domestic violence-female foeticide: Meaning, India scenario, causes, consequences, strategies to combat female foeticide; domestic violence-meaning, forms, factors, causes, effects, remedies
• Social issues-the aged and disability, the aged: Theories, problems, remedial measures-disability-definition, magnitude of disability, types, causes, social model, problems, measures

Music (dance): Unit 01

Music (dance): Unit 02

• Laya, Taal, Theka, Paran, Chakkardaraparan, Kavit, Gat-nikas

Music (dance): Unit 03

Music (dance): Unit 04

• (i) Bharatanatyam, (ii) Lasya

Music (dance): Unit 05

Music (dance): Unit 06

Music (dance): Unit 07

Music (dance): Unit 08

Music (dance): Unit 09

• Teen taal: One Thaat, one Amad, two Tukras, one Salami, one Paran, two Toras, one Kavit
• Jhap taal: One Thaat, one Tehai, one Amad, one Salami, one Tora

Music (dance): Unit 10

• Ikgun, Dugun, Tigun, and Chougun) through some bole from Teen taal and Jhap taal

Music (Instrumental): Unit 01

Music (Instrumental): Unit 02

• Sitar, Tabla

Music (Instrumental): Unit 03

Music (Instrumental): Unit 04

• Varna, Kan, Meend, Mizrab, Jhalla, Chikari, Gamak, Soot, Krintan, Zamjama, Shudh, Chyalag, Sankeeran raags

Music (Instrumental): Unit 05

Music (Instrumental): Unit 06

• Ten Thaats of Pandit Bhatkhande
• Comparison between Raags and Thaats rules

Music (Instrumental): Unit 07

Music (Instrumental): Unit 08

• Scholars: (i) Ustad Allauddin Khan, (ii) Shri Nikhil Banerjee, (iii) Pandit Harvinder Kumar Sharma, (iv) Ustad Vilayat Khan

Music (Instrumental): Unit 09

Music (Instrumental): Unit 10

• Sitar, sarood, sarangi, dilruba, shanai, flute, jattarang, harmonium, tabla, dhol

Music (Instrumental): Unit 11

Music (Instrumental): Unit 12

Music (Instrumental): Unit 13

Music (Instrumental): Unit 14

Music (Instrumental): Unit 15

Music (Instrumental): Unit 16

Music (Instrumental): Unit 17

Music (Tabla): Unit 01

• Uthan, Peshkar, Paran, Tehai, Duppali, Tippali, Rela, Nagma

Music (Tabla): Unit 02

Music (Tabla): Unit 03

Music (Tabla): Unit 04

Music (Tabla): Unit 05

Music (Tabla): Unit 06

Music (Tabla): Unit 07

Music (Tabla): Unit 08

• Tabla maestro: (i) Pandit Kanthe Maharaj, (ii) Pandit Shamta Prasad, (iii) Ustad Zakir Hussain, (iv) Ustad Laxman Singh Seen

Music (Tabla): Unit 09

• (i) Rupak taal (ii) Jhap taal (iii) Ek taal (iv) Deepchandi (v) Teen taal (vi) Punjabi Theka ( Chhota teen taal)

Music (Tabla): Unit 10

• (i) Teen taal-Punjabi Theka (ii) Deepchandi-Dhamar taal (iii) Rupak taal-Tivra taal

Music (Tabla): Unit 11

Music (Tabla): Unit 12

Music (Tabla): Unit 13

Music (vocal): Unit 01

Music (vocal): Unit 02

Music (vocal): Unit 03

Music (vocal): Unit 04

• Varna, Kan, Khatka, Murki, Gamak, Gayak, Gayaki, shudh Rag, Chhayalg Rag, Sankiran Rag, Lakshan geet

Music (vocal): Unit 05

Music (vocal): Unit 06

• Its characteristics, ten Thaat of Bhatkhande
• Comparison between Raag and Thaat rules

Music (vocal): Unit 07

• (i) Importance of taal in music, (ii) Place of fine arts in music

Music (vocal): Unit 08

• Scholars: (i) Bade Gulam Ali Khan, (ii) Bhim Sain Joshi, (iii) Prof. Baldev Sharan Narang, (iv) Faiyaz Khan

Music (vocal): Unit 09

• Dharupad, Dhamar, Tarana, Dhumri, Khayal, Tappa

Music (vocal): Unit 10

• Folk singers: (i) Assa Singh Mastana, (ii) Surinder Kaur, (iii) Narinder Biba, (iv) Kuldeep Manak, (v) Lal Chand Yamala Jat, (vi) Didar Sandhu, (vii) Parkash Kaur

Music (vocal): Unit 11

Music (vocal): Unit 12

• Raags: Bhairav Bhimpalasi, Malkauns, Khamaj

Music (vocal): Unit 13

Music (vocal): Unit 14

Music (vocal): Unit 15

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 01

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 02

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 03

• (i) Asa Di Var, (ii) Sodar

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 04

• (i) Bhai Mardana, (ii) Bhai Shahzad, (iii) Bhai Sata, (iv) Bhai Balwand

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 05

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 06

• (i) Bhai Chand, (ii) Prof. Tara Singh, (iii) Bhai Hira Singh

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 07

• Mahalla, Shabad Ank, Rahao, Dhuni (Dhun), Partal, Ghar

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 08

• Todi and Dhanasari, Sarang, Baharaiv

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 09

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 10

• Asavari, Dhanasari, Bhairav, Sarang Raags from given Swar-Sangaties

Gurmat sangeet: Unit 11

• Gayan only Sathai Antra

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 01

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 02

• Computer hardware and software
• Computer organization, CPU: Memory input devices, output devices, storage devices, and communication devices

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 03

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 04

• Concept of internet, use of internet, requirements of internet, internet domain, internet server, establishing connectivity on the internet, types of internet providers, constitute of internet protocol
• Browsing the internet tools and service of internet, procedure of opening e-mail account on internet

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 05

• Meaning, features, functions, and benefit of E-commerce, E-commerce practice vs traditional practice, scope, and basic models of E-commerce, limitations of E-commerce, precautions for secure E-commerce, proxy services
• Types of E-commerce, meaning of B2C, B2B, C2C, and P2P
• Status of E-commerce in India, problems and opportunity in E-commerce in India, future of E-commerce, legal issues involved E-commerce

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 06

• Transaction through internet, requirements of E-payment system, post paid payment system, credit card solutions, cyber cash internal cheques, instant paid payment system, debit card, prepaid payment system, electronic cash, digi cash, net cash
• Cyber cash, smart cards

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 07

• Areas of internet security, security threats, security breach avoidance, defection and recovery, confidentiality and integrity, electronic signature, access control, authentication precaution for secure E-commerce

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 08

• Meaning, importance, and types of E-banking services
• Traditional vs E-banking, process of E-banking, advantages and disadvantages of E-banking, status of E-banking in India

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 09

• Meaning and importance of E-trading, traditional trading vs E-trading, operational aspects of E-trading, advantages of E-trading, status of E-trading in India

Fundamental of E-business: Unit 10

• Concept of E-marketing, 5Ps of E-marketing, traditional marketing vs E-marketing, advantages of E-marketing, status of E-marketing in India

Defence studies: Unit 01

• Various definitions, distinctions between grand strategy, strategy, and tactics type of strategy

Defence studies: Unit 02

Defence studies: Unit 03

• Defence minister's committee
• Chief of staff committee

Defence studies: Unit 04

• Means of collection and interpreting information troop movements, operational and verbal orders, attack, defence, and withdrawal

Defence studies: Unit 05

• Defence committee of the cabinet
• National defence council
• Powers of the President in relation to armed forces

Defence studies: Unit 06

• Equivalent ranks in the armed forces
• Role and characteristic of army, navy and air force
• Army: Integrated headquarters, static, and field formation, elementary knowledge of the following weapons-5.56mm INSAS Rifle, 7.62mm MMG, LMG 9mm carbine, grenade, mortar, rocket launcher, Antitank weapons: Tanks and APC
• Navy: Headquarters, commands, type of ships, and submarines
• Air force: Headquarters, commands, types of service, aircrafts of India

Religion: Unit 01

• Religious life of the Indus valley people and early Aryans
• Buddhist movement (up to Ashoka period)
• Rise and development of sikhism (A.D. 1469 – 1708)

Religion: Unit 02

• Introduction to Vedic literature (name and main features of the four Vedas)
• General Introduction to Puranas, Upanishads, Shastras
• The Adi-Granth-its editing scheme

Religion: Unit 03

• Ashta marga of Buddhism
• Ethical teachings of Jainism
• The sikh way of life

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 01

• Duties of NCC cadets, NCC song
• NCC camps-types and conduct

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 02

• Unity in diversity and role of NCC in nation building
• Threats to national security, freedom struggle and nationalist movement in India

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 03

• Rifle ke saath savdhan, vishram aur aaram se
• Rifle ke saath parade par aur saj
• Rifle ke saath visarjan, line tod
• Bhoomi shastra aur uthayo shastra
• Bagal shastra aur baaju shastra
• Salaami shastra
• Squad drill
• Guard Mounting
• Guard of Honour

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 04

• Range procedure and theory of group
• Short range firing (7.62 SLR)-loading, cocking and unloading, positions of holding and aiming, group and snap shooting

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 05

• Group discussion-stress and emotions, change your mindset, interpersonal relations and team work, time management , civic sense
• Career counseling, SSB procedure and interview skill
• Public speaking
• Case studies-(a) Mahatma Gandhi, (b) Shivaji, (c) A P J Abdul Kalam, (d) Deepa Malik, (e) Maharana Pratap, (f) Ratan Tata, (g) Jhansi ki Rani, (h) Narayan Murti, (i) Prakash Padukone, (j) Tipu Sultan, (k) Rabindranath Tagore

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 06

• Fire service and fire fighting, civil defence and NDMA
• Initiative training, organising skills, do's and don'ts, natural disasters, man made disasters

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 07

• Road/ rail travel safety
• Cyber and mobile safety awareness
• Civic responsibilities
• Causes and preventions of HIV/AIDS

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 08

• First aid in common medical emergencies, treatment and care of wounds, infectious and contagious diseases and its prevention
• Introduction to yoga and exercises

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 09

• Obstacle training

National cadet corps (common subjects): Unit 10

• Water conservation and rainwater harvesting

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Army): Unit 01

• Armed forces, army, CAPF, police: Basic organization of armed forces

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Army): Unit 02

• Conduct to MR
• Google and tourist maps and apps
• Prismatic compass and its use, and GPS

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Army): Unit 03

• Introduction to field craft
• Indication of landmark
• Observation, camouflage and concealment

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Army): Unit 04

• Organization of infantry battalion and its weapons
• Characteristics of 7.62mm SLR Rifle, ammunition, fire power, stripping , assembling and cleaning

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Army): Unit 05

• Biographies of renowned generals
• Study of battles-Indo Pak war 1965, 1971, and Kargil

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Army): Unit 06

• Basic communication procedure
• Types of communication
• Characteristics of wireless technology (mobile, Wi-Fi, etc)

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 01

• Aircraft recognition
• Latest trends and acquisitions
• 1971 war, operation Safed Sagar, operation Meghdoot

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 02

• Forces acting on aircraft

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 03

• Aviation Medicine

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 04

• Aircraft control
• Parts of aircraft

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 05

• Landing gear

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 06

• Introduction to Radars

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 07

• Aircraft particular type specific

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 08

• Building and flying of aero models

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Air Force): Unit 09

• Effects of flight control
• Effects of weather

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 01

• Naval expeditions and campaigns
• Rank profiles of officers and sailors and their equivalents in other services

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 02

• Semaphore
• Wearing of flags

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 03

• Navigation tactics and methods

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 04

• Bends and hitches
• Introduction to shackles

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 05

• Instructions on boat pulling
• Steering of boats under oars
• Whaler sailing instructions

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 06

• Maintenance and care of tools

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 07

• SAR organization in the Indian ocean

National cadet corps (specialized subject: Navy): Unit 08

• Floating and free style swimming

English (elective): Unit 01

• Lessons: (a) Warrior against weeds, (b) Almost forgiving ape, (c) A young Turkish catastrophe, (d) A tiny sanctuary, (e) Mano majra, (f) Jamaican fragment, (g) The heritage of India, (h) Gold in the north, (i) My greatest olympic prize
• Lessons: (j) The green revolution, (k) The snob, (l) Most dear to all the muses, (m) The case for the defence

English (elective): Unit 02

• Lessons: (a) Hind ki chadar Sri Guru Teg Bahadur, (b) The gambling match, (c) The eternal why, (d) After twenty years, (e) Attacked by pit bulls, (f) The conjurer's revenge, (g) The boy who broke the bank
• Poems: (a) Border guards, (b) My heart leaps when I behold, (c) The quality of mercy, (d) The fancy dress show, (e) The song of India, (f) The tree fell down, (g) The world today is wild with the delirium of hatred, (h) Slave? no master
• Poems: (i) The unrest of desire, (j) Is this the end?, (k) Guru, (I) A river tern on the Ganga

English (elective): Unit 03

• Content: (a) The bishop’s candlesticks, (b) The miracle-merchant, (c) The king’s warrant, (d) The monkey’s paw

English (elective): Unit 04

• Pride and prejudice

English (elective): Unit 05

English (elective): Unit 06

• Paragraph from Hindi/ Punjabi to English

English (elective): Unit 07

• Content: (a) Change of narration, (b) Change of voice, (c) Joining two simple sentences into one using linkers, etc, (d) use of modals, (e) transformation of sentences (use of gerunds, infinities, participles adverbials)

General English: Unit 01

General English: Unit 02

• Hassan's attendance problem-Sudha Murthy
• The march king-Katherine Little Bakeless
• Thinking out of the box: Lateral thinking (adapted from the article from Internet)
• On saying 'please'-A. G. Gardiner
• The story of my life-Helen Keller
• Two gentlemen of verona-A. J. Cronin
• In celebration of being alive-Dr. Christian Barnard
• Gadari babas in Kalapani jail-Dr. Harish Puri

General English: Unit 03

• Prayer of the woods-anonymous
• On Friendship-Khalil Gibran
• The Echoing Green-William Blake
• Once upon a time-Gabriel Okara
• Father returning home-Dilip Chitre
• The road not taken-Robert Frost
• On his blindness-John Milton

General English: Unit 04

• The school for sympathy-E. V. Lucas
• A chamelon-Anton Chekhov
• Bholi-K. A. Abbas
• The gold frame-R. K. Luxman
• The Barber's trade union-Mulk Raj Anand
• The bull beneath the Earth-K. S. Virk

General English: Unit 05

• Determiners
• Use of non-finites (infinitives, gerunds, participles)
• Transformation of sentences
• Voice
• Narration

General English: Unit 06

• Precis writing
• Letter writing (official/ business/ to editors)
• Applications
• Explaining newspaper headlines
• Email writing

General English: Unit 07

• Translation from English to Hindi/ Punjabi and translation form Hindi/ Punjabi to English

Punjab history and culture: Unit 01

Punjab history and culture: Unit 02

Punjab history and culture: Unit 03

Punjab history and culture: Unit 04

Punjab history and culture: Unit 05

Punjab history and culture: Unit 06

Punjab history and culture: Unit 07

Punjab history and culture: Unit 08

• (i) Puran Bhagat, (ii) Heer Ranjha, (iii) Sohni Mahiwal

Punjab history and culture: Unit 09

Punjab history and culture: Unit 10

• Banda Singh Bahadur
• Shri Guru Gobind Singh
• Maharaja Ranjit Singh
• First Anglo-Sikh war
• Second Anglo-Sikh war